“…The dedifferentiated Schwann cells can replenish lost or damaged tissue through proliferation and migration, and can produce a favorable environment for axonal outgrowth through clearing myelin debris and forming cellular conduits or corridors (called bands of Buengner) to guide the directional growth of axons (Parrinello et al, 2010;Yao et al, 2013). Furthermore, many previous studies have described that the phenotypic modulation of Schwann cells is governed by activation of a regulatory network, including the transcription factors Sox2, Sox10, Krox20/Egr2, Oct6/SCIP, Brn2, NFATc4 (Ghislain and Charnay 2006;Kao et al, 2009;Parrinello et al, 2010). The detailed mechanisms that account for dedifferentiation, proliferation, migration and redifferentiation of Schwann cells during axonal regeneration, however, remain largely unclear.…”