Epicormic Resprouting in Fire-Prone Ecosystems

Pausas, Juli G.; Keeley, Jon E.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.010

Cited by 138 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…, Bassett et al. ), buffered by the resilience to fire of biomass stocks in epicormic‐resprouter trees (Pausas and Keeley , Nolan et al. , Collins ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time since fire and prior fire interval shape woody debris dynamics in obligate‐seeder woodlands

Gosper

Yates²,

Fox

et al. 2019

Ecosphere

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Woody debris plays an important role in many ecosystem functions, including nutrient and carbon cycling, providing substrates for plant recruitment and habitat for fauna. Fires can affect woody debris stocks, through generating new pieces by killing or severing plant parts and consuming pre‐existing woody debris. We develop a model of woody debris dynamics with variation in time since fire and prior fire interval applicable to obligate‐seeder forests and woodlands, considering down woody debris and standing dead trees as discrete components. We then test predictions of change in woody debris derived from this model in Eucalyptus salubris woodlands in South‐Western Australia, using a multi‐century chronosequence with recent fires varying between having short (<50 yr since the previous fire) or long (>50 yr, but often much longer) prior intervals. As per our woody debris dynamics model, most attributes measured were affected by time since fire, prior fire interval, or their interaction. Woody debris biomass was greatest shortly after fire, reflecting high quantities of standing dead trees resulting from stand‐replacement disturbance. Standing dead tree density and biomass then declined with increasing time since fire, but individual dead tree size was high beyond 200 yr since fire. Down woody debris biomass remained relatively stable with time since fire, but piece size increased. Dimensions of woody debris were strongly influenced by prior fire interval, with long prior intervals resulting in pieces at least twice the size than those occurring after short prior intervals. Fire management to maximize the availability of large woody debris pieces for fauna should aim to minimize short fire intervals, while from a carbon management perspective, all fires in obligate‐seeder forests and woodlands set in train large and prolonged emissions of carbon.

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“…, Bassett et al. ), buffered by the resilience to fire of biomass stocks in epicormic‐resprouter trees (Pausas and Keeley , Nolan et al. , Collins ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time since fire and prior fire interval shape woody debris dynamics in obligate‐seeder woodlands

Gosper

Yates²,

Fox

et al. 2019

Ecosphere

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“…Some species have traits that protect their most important tissues from the heat of the fire. This is very common in plants, where many species that get burnt, protect their buds underground (Pausas et al ), behind a thick bark (Pausas ), or sunken in the trunk (Burrows , Pausas and Keeley ). There are probably no animals that have a comparable resistance to fire, but it is possible that some animals have traits that confer them some fire resistance and survival, at least to a low intensity fires.…”

Section: Fire Response Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some insects search protection within plants ( Xanthorrhoea ; Brennan et al 2011), and many wingless insects (or wingless stages) move up trees during understory fires (Dell et al ). Many of these animals are likely to have the ability to sense the fire in advance (from the smoke or sound; Schutz et al 1999), although little research is available in this regard (Dell et al ). This strategy should be prevalent under conditions that generate patchy burns at the scale of the given species (e.g.…”

Section: Fire Response Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I propose that understanding the role of disturbance on biodiversity could benefit from a more integrated functional approach between plants and animals. This is especially relevant in the era of fire regime changes, as large and multidisciplinary sampling schemes are currently undertaken for understanding biodiversity changes (Kelly et al ). Given that a functional classification must be taxa‐independent, I ask: to what extent there is a unified functional classification of plants and animals in relation to fire?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized fire response strategies in plants and animals

Pausas

2018

Oikos

Self Cite

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Despite the existing large body of research on plant–animal interactions, plant research and animal research are still relatively independent and asymmetrical in relation to disturbance. Animals and plants are likely to have different fire responses, yet biodiversity studies in relation to disturbance may benefit from a more integrated functional approach across kingdoms. This would also force us to go deeper into the biological mechanisms and scales for persistence than a taxonomic‐based classification. An integrated view of plant and animal responses would enable us to learn from a great variety of life forms and benefit from expertise in complementary disciplines. To achieve this integrated view, I propose a functional classification for both plants and animals in relation to their fire response strategy. This classification includes the following strategies: resistance, refugia, avoidance, dormancy, recolonization, crypsis and intolerance. Given the limited knowledge of fire responses for many organisms, and especially for many animals, this classification may require further development. However, it provides a framework that facilitates finding knowledge gaps and directing future research for gaining a better understanding of the role of fire on biodiversity.

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“…However, fires also affect the endemic Macaronesian heaths (fayal-brezal) and "Laurisilva". Only the pines and heaths have a remarkable ability to regenerate after the fire [62][63][64]. As for the rest, being comprised of species not adapted to fire, it could take decades to regain its natural balance.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Bayesian Algorithm to Detect Burned Areas in the Canary Islands’ Dry Woodlands and Forests Ecoregion Using MODIS Data

et al. 2018

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Burned Area (BA) is deemed as a primary variable to understand the Earth's climate system. Satellite remote sensing data have allowed for the development of various burned area detection algorithms that have been globally applied to and assessed in diverse ecosystems, ranging from tropical to boreal. In this paper, we present a Bayesian algorithm (BY-MODIS) that detects burned areas in a time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2002 to 2012 of the Canary Islands' dry woodlands and forests ecoregion (Spain). Based on daily image products MODIS, MOD09GQ (250 m), and MOD11A1 (1 km), the surface spectral reflectance and the land surface temperature, respectively, 10 day composites were built using the maximum temperature criterion. Variables used in BY-MODIS were the Global Environment Monitoring Index (GEMI) and Burn Boreal Forest Index (BBFI), alongside the NIR spectral band, all of which refer to the previous year and the year the fire took place in. Reference polygons for the 14 fires exceeding 100 hectares and identified within the period under analysis were developed using both post-fire LANDSAT images and official information from the forest fires national database by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment of Spain (MAPAMA). The results obtained by BY-MODIS can be compared to those by official burned area products, MCD45A1 and MCD64A1. Despite that the best overall results correspond to MCD64A1, BY-MODIS proved to be an alternative for burned area mapping in the Canary Islands, a region with a great topographic complexity and diverse types of ecosystems. The total burned area detected by the BY-MODIS classifier was 64.9% of the MAPAMA reference data, and 78.6% according to data obtained from the LANDSAT images, with the lowest average commission error (11%) out of the three products and a correlation (R 2 ) of 0.82. The Bayesian algorithm-originally developed to detect burned areas in North American boreal forests using AVHRR archival data Long-Term Data Record-can be successfully applied to a lower latitude forest ecosystem totally different from the boreal ecosystem and using daily time series of satellite images from MODIS with a 250 m spatial resolution, as long as a set of training areas adequately characterising the dynamics of the forest canopy affected by the fire is defined.

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Epicormic Resprouting in Fire-Prone Ecosystems

Cited by 138 publications

References 42 publications

Time since fire and prior fire interval shape woody debris dynamics in obligate‐seeder woodlands

Time since fire and prior fire interval shape woody debris dynamics in obligate‐seeder woodlands

Generalized fire response strategies in plants and animals

Evaluation of a Bayesian Algorithm to Detect Burned Areas in the Canary Islands’ Dry Woodlands and Forests Ecoregion Using MODIS Data

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