Epicuticular hydrocarbons of the redbanded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): sexual dimorphism and alterations in insects collected in insecticide‐treated soybean crops

Abstract

BACKGROUND The redbanded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important species affecting soybean crops in southern South America. Capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to characterize the epicuticular hydrocarbon profiles of field‐collected insects, and to identify differences in their composition between fifth‐instar nymphs and adults, males and females, and between bugs collected in insecticide‐treated and insecticide‐free soybean crops. RESULTS Straight chain saturated n‐C27 and n‐C29, and monomethyl and dimethyl chains of C31 and C33 were the most abundant compounds. A group of volatile hydrocarbons with n‐C13 and n‐C15 as the predominant compounds were also detected. The hydrocarbon pattern was different between nymphs and adults, either males or females. Heneicosene was almost exclusively detected in adult males and was the most important component to differentiate between both sexes, followed by tricosadiene. The total hydrocarbon amount was significantly higher in nymphs, males and females collected in insecticide‐treated fields compared with insects obtained from untreated fields. CONCLUSION Differences were found in the epicuticular hydrocarbon pattern among nymphs and adults, as well as sexual dimorphism in adult stink bugs. Interestingly, an alteration was also found in the hydrocarbon profile of insects collected in insecticide‐treated soybean crops and its relevance is discussed within a pest management context.

The Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Dasineura Oleae Show Differences Between Sex, Adult Age and Mating Status

“…Virgin individuals were analysed at different times from emergence (0-12 h, 12-24 h, 24-36 h), while mated individuals had one age (6-18 h) 9-methylnonacosane. It is known to be part of the epicuticular profile of the redbanded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), an important pest of soybean crops in South America (Sessa et al 2021).…”

“…The only methyl branched alkane recorded in our study was 9-methylnonacosane. It is known to be part of the epicuticular profile of the redbanded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), an important pest of soybean crops in South America (Sessa et al 2021 ).…”

Anthropic action affects the cuticular chemical profile of social wasps

“…Previous studies have shown that the composition of CHCs in colonies of social hymenopterans may vary specifically due to environmental factors (Dapporto et al, 2004b;Blomquist & Bagnères, 2010b). Among the environmental variables that can influence chemical composition in different populations of a species are the types of food resources available (Liang & Silverman, 2000;Buczkowski et al, 2005), climatic factors (Menzel et al, 2017), the use of pollutants (Müller et al, 2017;Sessa et al, 2021;Hamida et al, 2021;Schuehly et al, 2021) and even the rate of parasitism (Lorenzi et al, 2014).…”

“…In fact, changes in the cuticular chemical profile caused by these contaminants have been recently reported in some species of insects. (Müller et al, 2017;Sessa et al, 2021;Hamida et al, 2021), including in Apis mellifera (Schuehly et al, 2021) Pesticide contamination can increase the response of detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450, which is also involved in CHC synthesis (Nelson, 2018;Yan & Liebig, 2021). Therefore, the detoxification induced in response to pesticides can alter the synthesis of CHC and be another factor that helps to explain the differences found between the environments, however this hypothesis also needs to be properly investigated.…”

Effect of the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on Behavioral and Metabolic Aspects of the SpiderPolybetes pythagoricus

“…With the aim of analyzing the cuticular hydrocarbons of P. pythagoricus , the whole body of adult female spiders ( n = 3) was washed with redistilled water for 3 min to remove any water‐soluble contaminants. After being anesthetized with cold, each spider was transferred to a glass tube and submerged in 5 ml of redistilled hexane (Carlo Erba Reagents) for 5 min to extract the total cuticular lipids (Sessa et al, 2021). The hexane volume was reduced under a nitrogen stream, and the hydrocarbons were separated from the total lipids by adsorption chromatography on a minicolumn (10 mm × 5 mm internal diameter) of activated Biosil A (Bio‐Rad Laboratories) and eluted with redistilled hexane (4 ml).…”