1997
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.57.62
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Epidemic and Sporadic Hepatitis E Virus Transmission in West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia

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Cited by 45 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…These studies identified the globally common RV genotypes G1P [8], G2P [4], and G9P [8] (28). In the present study, the circulation of RV G2P [4] was also observed in the 2011 flood water.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 72%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These studies identified the globally common RV genotypes G1P [8], G2P [4], and G9P [8] (28). In the present study, the circulation of RV G2P [4] was also observed in the 2011 flood water.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…Direct contact with flood water was found to increase the relative risk of gastrointestinal symptoms (7) and enteric hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections (8)(9)(10). Moreover, an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness related to norovirus (NV) was reported during the flood (7).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[22][23][24][25][26][27] Although seroprevalence has differed among the studies, these reports have consistently demonstrated relatively lower seroprevalence in the first decade, rising in the second decade, and then leveling off. However, a recent study from India reported high seroprevalence in the first decade, peaking in childhood and decreasing somewhat in adults, similar to the pattern seen in this report.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…2 The proportion of (sporadic) acute hepatitis cases attributed to HEV reported in cities such as Jakarta (Indonesia) and Hanoi (Vietnam) has been found to be very low: 3% and Ͻ 1%, respectively 3 (Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, unpublished data). Conversely, foci of epidemic HEV transmission have been recognized in jungle/ riverine areas of Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan) 4,5 and the Mekong River delta region of Vietnam. 6 Transmission determinants associated with worldwide spread of enteric HEV are principally water-related.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dependence on a single (contaminated) water source for drinking/hygiene/sanitary purposes has been implicated in both epidemic and sporadic (community-acquired) spread of HEV and HAV. Epidemic HEV infections were attributed to well water in Somalia 7 and river water in Indonesia 4,5 and Vietnam. 6 However, unlike HAV transmission, there is little evidence of person-to-person spread of HEV.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%