Epidemic Rates of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorders Require an Urgent Response

Shim, Ruth S.; Szilagyi, Moira; Perrin, James M.

doi:10.1542/peds.2022-056611

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previously, researchers have asserted the importance of researching adolescents’ mental health concerns as literature shows the heightened levels of depression, loneliness, and anxiety among adolescents (Woodhouse et al, 2012 ). These heightened symptoms may arise from the new stressors that more intimate peer relationships pose throughout adolescence (Laursen & Hartl, 2013 ), as well as new stressors introduced by the pandemic (Shim et al, 2022 ). Findings from the current study echo the alarming prevalence of mental health concerns among middle school aged youth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber-Victimization and Mental Health Concerns among Middle School Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Garthe

Kim

Welsh

et al. 2023

J Youth Adolescence

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The COVID-19 pandemic had significant impacts on adolescents’ mental health and social interactions; however, little is known about cyber-victimization and mental health concerns from before to during the pandemic. The current study addressed this gap, while also examining how social media use and disagreements with friends during the pandemic were associated with cyber-victimization and mental health outcomes. Participants included 272 youth in the U.S. (56% female; 32% White), surveyed in fall 2019 ( M age = 11.75, SD = 0.68) and spring 2021 ( M age = 13.11, SD = 0.75). Adolescents reported increases in mental health symptoms and decreases in cyber-victimization. Experiencing more cyber-victimization before the pandemic was associated with significant increases in anxiety, depression, and social stress. The results suggest bolstering violence prevention programming in schools to reduce the likelihood of cyber-victimization and associated mental health outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber-Victimization and Mental Health Concerns among Middle School Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Garthe

Kim

Welsh

et al. 2023

J Youth Adolescence

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“…Considering evidence of the rising rates of depression among adolescents before and during the pandemic, as well as the long-term health risks associated with depression, it is important to understand factors that may contribute to increases in depression during the pandemic to guide public health response to the ongoing children’s mental health crisis (Shim et al, 2022 ). Specifically, the identification of potential causal pathways can inform the development of programming to ameliorate or reduce risk and facilitate more positive trajectories and support; guide allocation of needed resources for early intervention to allay symptoms; and facilitate implementation of mental health promotion and prevention initiatives (Mendelson & Tandon, 2016 ; Morina et al, 2017 ; Tang et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Depression In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, limited research has attempted to investigate the mental health impact of the pandemic on adolescents by considering contexts, systems, phenomenological perspectives, and compound effects (Shim et al, 2022 ). To address this need, we use longitudinal data from a nationwide sample of adolescents ages 13 to 19 to develop an index of pandemic-related stress experiences, identifying temporal-specific, episodic stressors.…”

Section: Examining Effects Of Public Health Emergencies On Adolescent...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Pandemic-Related Stress and the Impact on Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Verlenden

Kaczkowski

et al. 2022

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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Vulnerabilities of adolescents during times of crisis have been previously identified, but little research has investigated the compounding effects of lifetime adversities and pandemic-related stress on adolescent mental health. This study uses adolescent self-report data to model relationships between stress exposures and indicators of poor mental health from the longitudinal COVID Experiences (CovEx) Surveys. These surveys were administered online in English to U.S. adolescents ages 13–19 using the NORC AmeriSpeak® panel, a probability-based panel designed to be representative of the U.S. household population. Two waves of data were collected (Wave 1: October–November 2020, n = 727; Wave 2: March–May 2021, n = 569). Measures included demographics, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs, 8 items), pandemic-related stress (Pandemic-Related Stress Index [PRSI], 7 items), and depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents [PHQ-A], 9 items). Path analyses were conducted to examine pathways between Wave 1 ACEs, Wave 1 PRSI, and Wave 2 PHQ with covariates of sex and race/ethnicity. Females had higher ACEs, PRSI, and PHQ scores than males. The PRSI score at Wave 1 was positively associated with the PHQ at Wave 2 ( b = 0.29, SE = 0.14, p < 0.001). ACEs at Wave 1 were positively associated with PRSI at Wave 1 ( b = 0.31, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001) and with PHQ at Wave 2 ( b = 0.32, SE = 0.12, p < 0.001). The direct effect of ACEs on PHQ ( b = 0.23, SE = 0.12, p < 0.001) remained significant even after accounting for the indirect effect of pandemic-related stress ( b = 0.09, SE = 0.05, p < 0.001). Pandemic-related stress had a direct, adverse impact on adolescent depressive symptoms and demonstrates a compounding effect of childhood adversity and pandemic-related stress on depression. Findings can aid the design of interventions that promote mental health and support adolescent coping and recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-022-00502-0.

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“…Amidst these developments, in 2021 a declaration of a National State of Emergency in Children's Mental Health came from the American Academy of Paediatrics, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Children's Hospital Association. Complex, intertwined, and confounding multifactorial aetiologies are gaining more recognition (Benton et al, 2022) (Shim et al, 2022). The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) calls for systematic inquiries into practice gaps by applying the principles of scienti c skepticism to psychiatric phenomenology in identifying potential blind spots(Gabrielle A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Patriarchy: A Social Determinant of Gender-Based Discrimination Interacting with Child Development and Mental Health

Gupta

2023

Preprint

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The systematic oppression of women and gender-based discrimination has deep roots in human civilization. As evident in both written texts and widespread practices, conscious and unconscious biases associated with patriarchy have been—and continue to be—interlaced with power struggles, control, and conformity enforced by the male-dominant cultures of the time. Brought into bold relief in this pandemic, recent dramatic events (the tragic murder of George Floyd and the overturning of Roe v. Wade, for example) have heightened social outrage against bias, racism, and bigotry and have also brought us to an inflection point demanding our better understanding of the pernicious and long-term mental health effects of patriarchy. There are compelling grounds to further expand their construct, but efforts to do so in psychiatric phenomenology have, until now, failed to gain momentum and substantive attention. The resistance may in part lie in misconceptions that patriarchy is supported by archetypal endowments of the collective unconscious constitutive of shared societal beliefs. While many continue to live with the adverse experiences associated with patriarchy within the current times, critics have argued that our concepts about patriarchy are not empirical enough. Empirically supported deconstruction is indeed necessary to debunk misinformed notions that undermine women’s equality.

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Epidemic Rates of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Disorders Require an Urgent Response

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Cyber-Victimization and Mental Health Concerns among Middle School Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cyber-Victimization and Mental Health Concerns among Middle School Students Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Pandemic-Related Stress and the Impact on Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Systematic Patriarchy: A Social Determinant of Gender-Based Discrimination Interacting with Child Development and Mental Health

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