Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Children and Adolescents Aged &lt;18 Years with Monkeypox — United States, May 17–September 24, 2022

Hennessee, Ian; Shelus, Victoria; McArdle, Cristin E.; Wolf, Maren; Schatzman, Sabrina; Carpenter, Ann; Minhaj, Faisal S.; Petras, Julia K.; Cash‐Goldwasser, Shama; Maloney, Meghan; Sosa, Lynn E.; Jones, Sydney; Mangla, Anil T.; Harold, Rachel E.; Beverley, Jason; Saunders, Katharine E.; Adams, Jeremy N.; Stanek, Danielle R.; Feldpausch, Amanda; Pavlick, Jessica; Cahill, Megan; O’Dell, Victoria; Kim, Moon J.; Alarcón, Jemma; Finn, Lauren E.; Goss, Maura; Duwell, Monique; Crum, David A.; Williams, Thelonious W.; Hansen, Katrina; Heddy, Megan; Mallory, Krystle; McDermott, Darby; Cuadera, Mervin Keith Q.; Adler, Eric; Lee, Ellen H.; Shinall, Amanda; Thomas, Carlen; Ricketts, Erin K; Koonce, Tammy; Rynk, Dana B.; Cogswell, Kelly; McLafferty, Meagan; Perella, Dana; Stockdale, Catherine; Dell, BreeAnna Mary; Roskosky, Mellisa; White, Stephen; Davis, Kenneth R.; Milleron, Rania S.; Mackey, Skyler; Barringer, L. Anna; Bruce, Hollianne; Barrett, Debra; D’Angeli, Marisa A; Kocharian, Anna; Klos, Rachel; Dawson, Patrick; Ellington, Sascha; Mayer, Oren; Godfred-Cato, Shana; Labuda, Sarah M; McCormick, David W.; McCollum, Andrea M.; Rao, Agam K.; Salzer, Johanna S.; Kimball, Anne; Gold, Jeremy A W; Berumen, Rick; Cosentino, Giorgio; Getabecha, Shiffen; Glaser, Carol; Grosgebauer, Kaitlin; Harriman, Kathleen; Haw, Monica; Kamali, Amanda; Kath, Chantha; Kim, Elissa H.; Lewis, Linda; Sachdev, Darpun; Salas, María; Stainken, Cameron; Wadford, Debra A.; Peters, Philip J.; Vaidya, A.S.; Adkins, Susan Hocevar; Baird, ; Nicolle; Barrios, Lisa C.; Beeson, Amy; Blackburn, Dawn; Borah, Brian F.; Click, Eleanor S.; Davidson, Whitni; Galang, Romeo R.; Hufstetler, Kaitlin; Hutchins, Helena J.; Kourtis, Athena P.; Miller, Maureen J.; Morris, Sapna Bamrah; Olsen, Emily O’Malley; Roth, Nicole M.; Sims, Emily; Chatham‐Stephens, Kevin

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7144a4

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Of the cases aged < 17 years, 23 stated exposure in a school setting. Overall, data show that the pediatric population exposed to infection can become infected as well as the adult population [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the current MPV outbreak, at least 21 cases were pregnant or recently pregnant; two of them were known to be hospitalized, although without need for intensive care. In 2/4 cases with a known route of transmission, MPV was transmitted via a sexual encounter in a household setting [ 8 ]. Data from endemic areas support the existence of a vertical transmission route in cases of premature births or fetal loss in mothers in the third month of pregnancy who showed the rash of MPV infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2022 with the spread of monkeypox, to understand the spread of the virus in the world, international health and scientific societies have tried to analyze the contagion according to different routes, including sexual transmission, known to be a vehicle of infection. This has allowed create reports to be created that also take into account men to men or women to women relationships and not only in the heterosexual population [ 8 ]. The reported sexual orientation does not necessarily reflect who the case has had recent sexual history with nor does it imply sexual activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently this global outbreak (80,221 confirmed cases and 52 deaths reported to WHO) is occurring in 110 Member States. A high proportion of these infections are from countries without previously documented monkeypox transmission and are caused by the Clade II of monkeypox, formerly known as the West African clade [ 7 , 8 ]. Presently, except for the South Pole, cases of monkeypox have been reported in every continent, declaring on 23 July a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by World Health Organization (WHO) [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, epidemiological data show that the ratio M:F is 97:3, and that the population seemingly most affected (approximately 80%) is male, aged between 18 and 44 years old, mostly homosexual men having unprotected sex with other men. However, adolescents, children and babies of both sexes can be affected as well (1.2% reported cases were aged 0–17) [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Gaeta

Franci

et al. 2022

Children

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Monkeypox disease has been endemic in sub-Saharan Africa for decades, attracting remarkable attention only i23n 2022 through the occurrence of a multi-country outbreak. The latter has raised serious public health concerns and is considered a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Although the disease is usually self-limiting, it can cause severe illness in individuals with compromised immune systems, in children, and/or the pregnant woman–fetus dyad. Patients generally present with fever, lymphadenopathy, and a vesicular rash suggestive of mild smallpox. Serious eye, lung and brain complications, and sepsis can occur. However, cases with subtler clinical presentations have been reported in the recent outbreak. A supportive care system is usually sufficient; otherwise, treatment options are needed in patients who are immunocompromised or with comorbidities. A replication-deficient modified and a live infectious vaccinia virus vaccine can be used both before and after exposure. Due to the persistent spread of monkeypox, it is necessary to focus on the pediatric population, pregnant women, and newborns, who represent fragile contagion groups. Here we assess and summarize the available up-to-date information, focusing on available therapeutic options, with insights into social and school management, breastfeeding, and prevention that will be useful for the scientific community and in particular neonatal and pediatric health professionals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Gaeta

Franci

et al. 2022

Children

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Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A translational approach

Lira,

Ota,

Melo

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Mpox is a zoonotic disease historically reported in Africa. Since 2003, limited outbreaks have occurred outside Africa. In 2022, the global spread of cases with sustained interhuman transmission and unusual disease features raised public health concerns. We explore the mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, Brazil, in an observational study of mpox‐suspected cases from June to December 2022. Data collection relied on a public healthcare notification form. Diagnosis was determined by MPXV‐PCR. In 46 confirmed cases, anti‐OPXV IgG was determined by ELISA, and seven MPXV genomes were sequenced. A total of 3095 cases were included, 816 (26.3%) with positive MPXV‐PCR results. Most positive cases were men in their 30 s and MSM. A total of 285 (34.9%) MPXV‐PCR+ patients live with HIV. Eight were coinfected with varicella‐zoster virus. Anogenital lesions and adenomegaly were associated with the diagnosis of mpox. Females and individuals under 18 represented 9.4% and 5.4% of all confirmed cases, respectively, showing higher PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and fewer anogenital lesions compared to adult men. Anti‐OPXV IgG was detected in 29/46 (63.0%) patients. All analyzed sequences belonged to clade IIb. In RJ state, mpox presented a diverse clinical picture, represented mainly by mild cases with low complication rates and prominent genital involvement. The incidence in females and children was higher than usually reported. The observation of a bimodal distribution of Ct values, with few positive results, may suggest the need to review the diagnostic criteria in these groups.

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Transmission of mpox in educational settings and risk of severe disease in children and adolescents—Let's not make the same mistakes as COVID‐19 again

Karampatsas

Khalil

Heath

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years with Monkeypox — United States, May 17–September 24, 2022

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Monkeypox Infection 2022: An Updated Narrative Review Focusing on the Neonatal and Pediatric Population

Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A translational approach

Transmission of mpox in educational settings and risk of severe disease in children and adolescents—Let's not make the same mistakes as COVID‐19 again

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