Epidemiologic correlates of cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in women with abnormal Pap smear tests: A Taiwan cooperative oncology group (TCOG) study

Sun, Chien An; Hsiung, Chao A.; Lai, Chyong‐Huey; Chen, Chi-An; Chou, Cheng Yang; Ho, Chih Ming; Twu, Nae Fang; Wei, Feng; Chuang, Mei Hsing; Hsieh, Ching-Liang; Chu, T. Ming

doi:10.1002/jmv.20447

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The absolute risks of the occurrence of cervical neoplasia were obtained in infected and noninfected subjects. The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection determined by HC2 (8.2%) was similar to that in other reports from the same population (Liaw et al, 1995;Department of Health Executive Yuan Taiwan, 2005;Sun et al, 2005). HPV prevalence did not differ among the seven areas studied in this island country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Long-term outcomes of high-risk human papillomavirus infection support a long interval of cervical cancer screening

You

et al. 2008

Br J Cancer

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Knowing that infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) causes virtually all cervical cancer (CC), the long-term outcomes of HPV infection, especially the absolute risk and time lapse of developing CC, are beyond the scope of ordinary follow-up study owing to ethical concerns. The present study followed the natural history and long-term outcomes of HPV infection in a cohort of women by national health insurance care and data linkage without additional disturbance. The status of cervical HPV infection was determined in 1708 healthy women, aged 20 -90 (median 43), enrolled from 10 hospitals in seven cities around the island country of Taiwan. Records of consecutive Pap smear results and cancer reports of 108 cytology-negative, HPV-positive and 1202 cytology-and HPVnegative women with no prior record of CC or abnormal cervical cytology were retrospectively analysed for a duration of up to 75 months (median 61 months). The cumulative incidences of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and in situ/invasive cancer in HPV-positive women were 5.6 and 3.7%, respectively, and those in HPV-negative women were 0.3 and 0%. After adjusting for other risk factors, HPV-positive subjects had 24.9 (95% CI: 7.0 -108.3; Po0.0001) folds of risk of developing HSIL or above cervical neoplasia as compared to HPV-negative subjects, whereas risk for low-grade intraepithelial lesion and atypical squamous cytology was not increased. The study showed that women with a prevalent infection of high-risk HPV had a 4% cumulative risk for CC in 6 years, whereas those tested negative had little risk. The result supports an HPV test-orientated CC screening programme with intervals of at least 5 years.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Long-term outcomes of high-risk human papillomavirus infection support a long interval of cervical cancer screening

You

et al. 2008

Br J Cancer

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“…This relationship, although suggested, has not definitively been demonstrated in large epidemiological or clinical studies. [27][28][29] In addition, some women felt that IVP could both cause and prevent cervical cancer. Despite these health concerns, women continued to engage in IVP in response to male preferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Targets for HIV Prevention: Intravaginal Practices in Urban Lusaka, Zambia

Alcaide

Chisembele

Mumbi

et al. 2014

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Intravaginal practices (IVP) are the introduction of products inside the vagina for hygienic, health, or sexuality reasons. The influence of men and Alengizis, traditional marriage counselors for girls, in promoting IVP has not been explored. We conducted gender-concordant focus groups and key informant interviews with Alengizis. The responses were conducted grouped into three themes: (1) cultural norms, (2) types and reasons for IVP, and (3) health consequences. We found that IVP were used by all participants in our sample and were taught from generation to generation by friends, relatives, or Alengizis. The reasons for women to engage in IVP were hygienic, though men expect women to engage in IVP to enhance sexual pleasure. Approximately 40% of women are aware that IVP can facilitate genital infections, but felt they would not feel clean discontinuing IVP. All men were unaware of the vaginal damage caused by IVP, and were concerned about the loss of sexual pleasure if women discontinued IVP. Despite the health risks of IVP, IVP continue to be widespread in Zambia and an integral component of hygiene and sexuality. The frequency of IVP mandates exploration into methods to decrease or ameliorate their use as an essential component of HIV prevention.

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“…The Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group (TCOG), conducted a multicenter study -T1899, (Sun et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2006). Of the 1246 participants, 936 underwent cervical biopsies for histological examinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomaviral load changes in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix

Cheng

Chu

et al. 2006

Br J Cancer

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To better predict risk of progression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) of the uterine cervix in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, 294 baseline cervical specimens from women with LSILs were evaluated. Specimens were tested for HPV DNA using hybrid capture 2 (HC2) and PCR-reverse line blotting. 65 LSILs with HPV DNA types 16, 18, 52, or 58 were examined for physical status, E2/E6 ratio and viral load at two time points, along with patient age. Women with LSILs whose viral loads increased between baseline and 6 month follow-up had a 45% risk of developing HSIL (OR ¼ 7.6, 95% CI ¼ 1.9 -29.4, Po0.01), as evaluated by real-time PCR and a 44% risk (OR ¼ 6.1, 95% CI ¼ 1. Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer (Bosch et al, 1995;Walboomers et al, 1999). The most common oncogenic HPV type in preinvasive and cervical cancer is HPV 16, detectable in 21% of women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (Castle et al, 2005), in more than 50% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3), and women with cervical cancer in America and Europe (Bosch et al, 1995;Herrero et al, 2000; Munoz et al, 2003). HPV 18 causes 10 -15% of CIN 3 and cervical cancers (Bosch et al, 1995). In addition, HPV 18 also causes more than 35% of cervical adenocarcinomas, which are difficult to detect by current screening methods (Bosch et al, 1995). Additionally, HPV 52 and 58 are as prevalent as HPV 16 and 18 in patients with preinvasive and cervical cancer in Taiwan and Asian countries (Liaw et al, 1995;Huang et al, 1997;Ho et al, 2005Ho et al, , 2006. Approximately 50% of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and 80% of LSILs are infected by oncogenic types of HPV (ALTS group, 2000;Solomon et al, 2001). HPV DNA testing for patients with ASCUS provides useful information and allows referral of patients for immediate colposcopy to detect highgrade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cancer (Solomon et al, 2001). In contrast, oncogenic HPV DNA testing is not informative for triage of patients with LSILs because a high percentage of LSIL patients are HPV positive (ALTS group, 2000). A repeat Pap smear in 3 -6 months or direct biopsy under colposcopy is generally used in clinical practice. Development of alternative triage strategies for women with LSILs would be valuable in distinguishing women with LSILs that have high probabilities of progression to HSILs from women with LSILs that have spontaneously regressed.As a result of the lack of sufficiently large prospective longitudinal follow-up studies and the different geographic distributions of HPV types, it has not been established how the risk of HSILs differs during transition by physical status of HPV 16, 18, 52, and 58 DNA (integrated versus episomal DNA) during longitudinal follow-up, viral loads (high vs low) and viral load change (increased vs not increased) between baseline and followup among women with LSILs. To examine this issue, we evalu...

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Epidemiologic correlates of cervical human papillomavirus prevalence in women with abnormal Pap smear tests: A Taiwan cooperative oncology group (TCOG) study

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Long-term outcomes of high-risk human papillomavirus infection support a long interval of cervical cancer screening

Long-term outcomes of high-risk human papillomavirus infection support a long interval of cervical cancer screening

Examining Targets for HIV Prevention: Intravaginal Practices in Urban Lusaka, Zambia

Human papillomaviral load changes in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix

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