Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with human monkeypox infection in Mexico: a nationwide observational study

Núñez, Isaac; García‐Grimshaw, Miguel; Ceballos‐Liceaga, Santa Elizabeth; Toledo-Salinas, Carla; Carbajal-Sandoval, Guillermo; Sosa-Laso, Luisa; García-Rodríguez, Gabriel; Cortés-Alcalá, Ricardo; Torre, Alethse de la; Fragoso-Saavedra, Sergio; Quintero-Villegas, Alejandro; López‐Gatell, Hugo; Reyes-Terán, Gustavo; Valdés‐Ferrer, Sergio Iván

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100392

Cited by 31 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A recent report published collaboratively by an international group of physicians found that the most common observed symptoms of monkeypox were a vesiculopustular rash (95%), lymphadenopathy (56%), fever (62%), lethargy (41%), and headache (27%) [ 31 ]. Similar symptoms were also noted by other studies conducted in Mexico [ 32 ], Spain [ 33 ] and the UK [ 34 ]. The ECDC has noted that although cases of monkeypox have been reported as mild and self-limiting, there are currently not enough cases to accurately predict future morbidity and mortality [ 30 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Monkeypox: A Mini-Review on the Globally Emerging Orthopoxvirus

Evans

AlShurman

Sehar

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Monkeypox is a zoonotic infectious disease belonging to the orthopoxvirus family that has predominantly occurred in West and Central Africa since it was initially discovered in 1958. In May 2022, a global outbreak of monkeypox began to occur on an international scale, with case numbers still rising as this review is being written. This mini review sought to analyze the existing literature on monkeypox published from 2017 onward to provide epidemiological context to current outbreaks. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to gather both peer-reviewed and grey literature on the routes of transmission, case definitions, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, prevention, vaccination, and epidemiology of monkeypox. Epidemiological studies indicate that the age of onset of monkeypox has increased over time. Antivirals, such as Tecovirimat and Brincidofovir, are recommended to manage confirmed cases of monkeypox. Although mass vaccination is not currently recommended, the smallpox vaccine can be used as a preventative measure for at-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men and frontline healthcare workers. Further peer-reviewed research addressing animal reservoirs and sexual transmission dynamics is needed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Monkeypox: A Mini-Review on the Globally Emerging Orthopoxvirus

Evans

AlShurman

Sehar

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…As such, the incubation periods reported here may be biased since we have considered the report of the last sexual exposure as the source of infection and because of social desirability. However, the incubation periods presented in this report are consistent with those reported elsewhere [ 8 , 9 , 20 , 21 ]. Furthermore, based on the report of three apparently non-related cases (case #1, #2, and #4) with no history of recent travel and sexual contact with non-Colombian individuals, and the identification of one imported case (case #3), it is reasonable to suspect that multiple introduction events have occurred in Cartagena [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The occurrence of solitary genital lesions or multiple lesions in the genital and anal region, the later dissemination to other areas, and the symptoms reported by the four cases have been previously described [ 8 , 9 , 20 ]. The concomitant report of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections has also been previously described [ 8 , 9 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In all the cases, the viral load (using the Ct value as a proxy) and the number of infectious particles were consistently higher in lesion swabs. Given our findings, it is plausible to hypothesize that cases could generate new chains of transmission mainly through close skin-to-skin contact [ 9 , 20 , 24 ]. Interestingly, the virus was not detected or isolated in any blood specimens tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The conducted epidemiological investigation allowed us to identify the probable date of contact with a potential source of infection, and to describe the probable incubation period for all cases except for case #2. Given the debut with genital lesions and the reported sexual exposure, it is plausible to hypothesize that MPXV was transmitted through skin-to-skin sexual contact with an infected person [ 8 , 17 , 20 ]; however, the sexual contact with multiple partners hinders the accurate identification of the date and source of infection. As such, the incubation periods reported here may be biased since we have considered the report of the last sexual exposure as the source of infection and because of social desirability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Investigation of the First Four Cases of Monkeypox in Cartagena during the 2022 Outbreak

2023

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Since early May 2022, numerous cases of Monkeypox (Mpox) have been reported globally in non-endemic areas. However, despite numerous reports worldwide, the epidemiological and genomic information related to the 2022 multi-country outbreak remains scarce in South America. By late June 2022, the first Mpox cases were detected in Colombia. Cartagena is a Colombian Caribbean city with high domestic and international connectivity, and, therefore, is vulnerable to the introduction of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV). This report provides an in-depth description of the epidemiological, clinical, and virological characteristics of the first four cases detected in Cartagena including three cases with no history of recent travel and one imported case. Using various laboratory tools based on PCR, next-generation sequencing, and viral isolation and quantification methods, the MPXV clade IIB was detected and isolated. Importantly, infectious viral particles were identified in lesion swabs collected from all cases and in oropharyngeal swabs collected from two cases. Blood samples tested negative using PCR and isolation. In summary, our work contributes complete genomic, clinical, and epidemiological information that will be useful for a number of studies going forward, and it also documents local information that contributes to our understanding of Mpox at the local level.

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Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A translational approach

Lira,

Ota,

Melo

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Mpox is a zoonotic disease historically reported in Africa. Since 2003, limited outbreaks have occurred outside Africa. In 2022, the global spread of cases with sustained interhuman transmission and unusual disease features raised public health concerns. We explore the mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, Brazil, in an observational study of mpox‐suspected cases from June to December 2022. Data collection relied on a public healthcare notification form. Diagnosis was determined by MPXV‐PCR. In 46 confirmed cases, anti‐OPXV IgG was determined by ELISA, and seven MPXV genomes were sequenced. A total of 3095 cases were included, 816 (26.3%) with positive MPXV‐PCR results. Most positive cases were men in their 30 s and MSM. A total of 285 (34.9%) MPXV‐PCR+ patients live with HIV. Eight were coinfected with varicella‐zoster virus. Anogenital lesions and adenomegaly were associated with the diagnosis of mpox. Females and individuals under 18 represented 9.4% and 5.4% of all confirmed cases, respectively, showing higher PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and fewer anogenital lesions compared to adult men. Anti‐OPXV IgG was detected in 29/46 (63.0%) patients. All analyzed sequences belonged to clade IIb. In RJ state, mpox presented a diverse clinical picture, represented mainly by mild cases with low complication rates and prominent genital involvement. The incidence in females and children was higher than usually reported. The observation of a bimodal distribution of Ct values, with few positive results, may suggest the need to review the diagnostic criteria in these groups.

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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with human monkeypox infection in Mexico: a nationwide observational study

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Monkeypox: A Mini-Review on the Globally Emerging Orthopoxvirus

Monkeypox: A Mini-Review on the Globally Emerging Orthopoxvirus

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Investigation of the First Four Cases of Monkeypox in Cartagena during the 2022 Outbreak

Mpox outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A translational approach

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