Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

Souza, William Marciel de; Buss, Lewis; Cândido, Darlan da Silva; Carrera, Jean Paul; Li, Sabrina; Zarebski, Alexander E.; Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes; Prete, Carlos A.; Santos, Andreza Aruska de Souza; Parag, Kris V; Belotti, Maria C. T. D.; Vincenti-González, María F.; Messina, Janey; Sales, Flavia Cristina da Silva; Andrade, Pâmela dos Santos; Nascimento, Vítor H.; Ghilardi, Fábio; Abade, Leandro; Gutiérrez, Bernardo; Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Braga, Carlos Kauê Vieira; Aguiar, Renato Santana; Nast, Alexander; Mayaud, Philippe; Brady, Oliver J.; Marcílio, Izabel; Gouveia, Nélson; Li, Guangdi; Tami, Adriana; Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa de; Pôrto, Victor Bertollo Gomes; Ganem, Fabiana; Almeida, Walquíria Aparecida Ferreira de; Fantinato, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti; Macário, Eduardo Marques; Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de; Nogueira, Maurício Lacerda; Pybus, Oliver G.; Wu, Chieh-Hsi; Croda, Júlio; Sabino, Éster Cerdeira; Faria, Nuno Rodrigues

doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0928-4

Cited by 352 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Among the 1014 confirmed cases of COVID-19, the proportion of males was higher than that of females (60 vs. 40%) and the male:female ratio was 1.5:1.0. Consistent with these findings, a Brazilian study reported that 57.5% of 67, 180 cases were males [31]. On the contrary, most of epidemiological reviews and meta-analysis studies reported comparable rates of COVID-19 between males and females, but males tended to have higher fatality and mortality rates than females [5,6,32].…”

Section: Allele Frequencies Of Abo Blood Groupsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19: profile of age and gender in Iraqi patients

Ad’hiah

Abdullah

Alsudani

et al. 2020

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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Background A case-control study was performed to examine age, gender, and ABO blood groups in 1014 Iraqi hospitalized cases with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 901 blood donors (control group). The infection was molecularly diagnosed by detecting coronavirus RNA in nasal swabs of patients. Results Mean age was significantly elevated in cases compared to controls (48.2 ± 13.8 vs. 29.9 ± 9.0 year; probability [p] < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the predictive significance of age in COVID-19 evolution (Area under curve = 0.858; 95% CI: 0.841 – 0.875; p < 0.001). Males outnumbered females in cases (60.4 vs. 39.6%) and controls (56 vs. 44%). Stratification by age group (< 30, 30 – 39, 40 – 49 and ≥ 50 years) revealed that 48.3% of cases clustered in the age group ≥ 50 years. ABO blood group analysis showed that group A was the most common among cases, while group O was the most common among controls (35.5 and 36.7%, respectively). Blood groups A (35.5 vs. 32.7; corrected p [pc] = 0.021), A+AB (46.3 vs. 41.7%; pc = 0.021) and A+B+AB (68.0 vs. 63.3%; pc = 0.007) showed significantly elevated frequencies in cases compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 - 2.02), 1.48 (95% CI: 1.14 - 1.93) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.82) for blood groups A, A+AB and A+B+AB, respectively. Blood group frequencies showed no significant differences between age groups of cases or controls. Regarding gender, male cases were marked with increased frequency of group A (39.9 vs. 28.9%) and decreased frequency of group O (25.9 vs. 41.0%) compared to female cases. Independent re-analysis of ABO blood groups in male and female cases demonstrated that group A was increased in male cases compared to male controls (39.9 vs. 33.1%; OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.21; pc = 0.006). On the contrary, no significant differences were found between females of cases and controls. Conclusions The study results indicated that blood group A may be associated with an increased risk of developing COVID-19, particularly in males.

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Section: Allele Frequencies Of Abo Blood Groupsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19: profile of age and gender in Iraqi patients

Ad’hiah

Abdullah

Alsudani

et al. 2020

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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“…As evidenced by the high R0 in the provinces closest to the start of the pandemic, where prevention measures were weak and scarce, due to multiple social and political factors. Likewise, other Latin American countries with deficient health policies and lack of timely actions, such as Peru and Brazil, obtained a higher average transmission potential of 2.97 [43,44] and 3.1 [45,46], respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological, socio-demographic and clinical features of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador

et al. 2021

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the globe. Nevertheless, there is limited information describing the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Latin America. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 9,468 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Ecuador. We calculated overall incidence, mortality, case fatality rates, disability adjusted life years, attack and crude mortality rates, as well as relative risk and relative odds of death, adjusted for age, sex and presence of comorbidities. A total of 9,468 positive COVID-19 cases and 474 deaths were included in the analysis. Men accounted for 55.4% (n = 5, 247) of cases and women for 44.6% (n = 4, 221). We found the presence of comorbidities, being male and older than 65 years were important determinants of mortality. Coastal regions were most affected by COVID-19, with higher mortality rates than the highlands. Fatigue was reported in 53.2% of the patients, followed by headache (43%), dry cough (41.7%), ageusia (37.1%) and anosmia (36.1%). We present an analysis of the burden of COVID-19 in Ecuador. Our findings show that men are at higher risk of dying from COVID-19 than women, and risk increases with age and the presence of comorbidities. We also found that blue-collar workers and the unemployed are at greater risk of dying. These early observations offer clinical insights for the medical community to help improve patient care and for public health officials to strengthen Ecuador’s response to the outbreak.

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“…Namely, they looked at the regional and ethnic distribution of the hospitalized patients [15,16], age-sex structure and clinical characteristics such as co-morbidities and symptoms [14,15]. Souza et al [14] show that 65.5% of cases are patients over 50 years old. Moreover, they also find that 84% of the patients reported having at least one underlying condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SIVEP-Gripe database provides detailed patient-level records for all individuals hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness, including all suspected or confirmed cases of severe COVID-19 reported by both private and public sector healthcare institutions, from small rural hospitals to large metropolitan academic centres [13][14][15][16][17]. The records include the date of admission, date of onset of symptoms, state where the patient lives, state where they are being treated, and date of outcome (death or discharge), among other diagnosis related variables.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inference of COVID-19 epidemiological distributions from Brazilian hospital data

Hawryluk

Mellan

Hoeltgebaum

et al. 2020

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Knowing COVID-19 epidemiological distributions, such as the time from patient admission to death, is directly relevant to effective primary and secondary care planning, and moreover, the mathematical modelling of the pandemic generally. We determine epidemiological distributions for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 using a large dataset ( N = 21 000 − 157 000) from the Brazilian Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe database. A joint Bayesian subnational model with partial pooling is used to simultaneously describe the 26 states and one federal district of Brazil, and shows significant variation in the mean of the symptom-onset-to-death time, with ranges between 11.2 and 17.8 days across the different states, and a mean of 15.2 days for Brazil. We find strong evidence in favour of specific probability density function choices: for example, the gamma distribution gives the best fit for onset-to-death and the generalized lognormal for onset-to-hospital-admission. Our results show that epidemiological distributions have considerable geographical variation, and provide the first estimates of these distributions in a low and middle-income setting. At the subnational level, variation in COVID-19 outcome timings are found to be correlated with poverty, deprivation and segregation levels, and weaker correlation is observed for mean age, wealth and urbanicity.

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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

Cited by 352 publications

References 43 publications

Association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19: profile of age and gender in Iraqi patients

Association between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to COVID-19: profile of age and gender in Iraqi patients

Epidemiological, socio-demographic and clinical features of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador

Inference of COVID-19 epidemiological distributions from Brazilian hospital data

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