Epidemiological and clinical risk factors related to severe COVID-19 in Iran: a multi-center study

Abstract

Background Iran was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19. Identifying factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 is effective in disease management. This study investigated the epidemiological and clinical features and factors related to the severity of COVID-19 in one of the less privileged areas in Iran. Methods In a multi-center study, all patients admitted to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences hospitals in southeastern Iran were investigated from February 29 to April 31, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data of patients were extracted from medical records. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19. Results Among the 413 patients, 55.5% were male, and 145 (35.10%) were in a severe condition at admission time. Multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted odds of the disease severity increased in patients with older age (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.41–3.65), substance abuse (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.14–5.43), having one underlying disease (OR 1.52; 95% CI 0.90–2.55), having two underlying disease (OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.19–4.50), and having three or more underlying disease (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.19–5.66). Conclusions COVID-19 was more severe in older patients, patients with a history of substance abuse, and patients with the underlying disease. Understanding the factors affecting the disease severity can help the clinical management of COVID-19, especially in less privileged areas where fewer resources are available.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immune responses to mRNA vaccines among people who use drugs - In the light of tailored mitigating strategies

“…These studies together with ours, point in another direction than the many studies nding a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, more severe morbidity and greater mortality related to the disease among PWUD (12)(13)(14)(15). Strathdee and colleagues found a prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among PWUD in the San Diego-Tijuana border to be higher than estimates from the general population in either city (32,33).…”

Clinical features, therapeutic outcomes, and recovery period of long COVID

“…Then, a smoking habit was an independent risk factor for slowing the duration of recovery from long COVID (Table 5), suggesting a need for increased attention to smoking during the whole clinical course of COVID‐19. On the other hand, sex (female), older age, and the presence of comorbidities were not independent risk factors for prolonged recovery in the analysis (Table 5), although several previous studies presented their negative effects on COVID‐19 10,12,26,36,40–43 . Of course, this finding must be confirmed in further studies; however, a prominent result was that smoking exerts a crucial effect on these infectious problems.…”

Risk Factors Associated with Severity and Death from COVID-19 in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study

“…After deleting duplicates, we identified 2463 studies from four databases and then screened articles by title and full text according to the study's objectives. Finally, 69 studies were included in the meta-analysis (Figure 1), of which 62 studies had assessed risk factors for death from COVID ); 13 studies determined risk factors for severity (( 41,50,[53][54][55]65,[90][91][92][93][94][95][96] ), out of which six studies reported both outcomes ( (35,44,(47)(48)(49)59)). Out of 69 studies, 33 were cohort studies, eight were case-control studies, and 28 were cross-sectional studies.…”