Epidemiological and clinical significance of rotavirus infection during the vaccination period

Abstract

Rotavirus infection is one of the leading causes of severe diarrhea in children under five years of age worldwide and contributes significantly to child mortality. The introduction of rotavirus vaccination for epidemic indications into the Russian National Immunization Schedule has not impacted the epidemiological situation due to low vaccination coverage. This article provides a review of studies evaluating the clinical significance of rotavirus infection in the context of mass vaccination, as well as its impact on the circulation of rotavirus genotypes. We have analyzed data on the prevalence of rotavirus, the severity of clinical cases, and changes in the genetic diversity of the virus. It has been noted that vaccination reduces the severity of gastroenteritis; however, over time, changes in circulating viral strains have been observed. Despite the positive effects of vaccination, some countries have reported an increase in the prevalence of other pathogens, such as norovirus and Campylobacter. These findings emphasize the need to continue vaccination efforts and monitor changes in the structure of pathogens responsible for acute intestinal infections to improve preventive measures and control the epidemiological situation.