Epidemiological and Comparative Diagnostic Study of Anaplasma Spp. Infection in Goats from North-Eastern Algeria

Abstract

Anaplasmosis is an infectious disease affecting goats and other ruminants. Our goal was to estimate the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. infections, and to identify different tick species in goa ts along with their associated risk factors. The epidemiology of Anaplasma spp. (A. ovis/A. marginale) was investigated from April to September 2016 in dairy goats from three different agro-ecological areas in the northeast region of Algeria (Guelma and El-Taref). We tested 182 goat sera using a MSP5 competitive ELISA (cELISA) test for IgG antibody screening, and by microscopic examination using the Giemsa (May-Greunwald-Giemsa) stain of 128 blood smears to detect intraerythrocytic inclusions bodies. The results demonstrated a total infection rate of 78.02 % and 42.18 % using cELISA and MGG, respectively. Only two species of ticks collected were identified, i. e. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (85.39 %) and Rhipicephalus bursa (14.60 %). Our study revealed that factors, such as the season, the type of farming, the hygienic status and the climatic conditions of the studied areas were found to be significantly associated with the tick infestation of goats (P < 0.05). The Anaplasma spp. infection prevalence was found to be highly dependent on the climatic conditions, the season (P < 0.05) and most closely related to the type of breeding and herd management (P = 0.000).The evaluation of the Giemsa technique showed specificity and sensitivity of 60.71 % and 45.16 % respectively. Calculating the concordance between the two techniques revealed Cohen’s Kappa value of 0.038 in the range 0.21—0.40, which corresponded to a very low agreement. The McNemar test results showed that both tests gave significantly different results (P < 0.05). This work provides evidence for Anaplasma spp. in goats from north-eastern Algeria.

Molecular Prevalence and Genetic Diversity Based on Msp1a Gene of Anaplasma ovis in Goats from Türkiye

“…The prevalence of A. ovis infection has previously been reported in small ruminants from central Anatolia [32] and southwestern Anatolia [14] with 31.4% and 60%, respectively, indicating that A. ovis is wide-spread in most regions of Türkiye. Compared to some Mediterranean regions, the prevalence in our study was lower than to the findings previously reported from Tunisia with 70.1% [41], Algeria with 78% [42], Corsica with 52% [12], and Sardinia with 81.8% [43]. Difference in reported prevalence rates may vary depending on many factors such as sampling procedure and size, a standardized assay, sampling season, type of farming, tick infestation status in the herd, and the degree of the exposure to tick vectors [41,42,44].…”

“…Compared to some Mediterranean regions, the prevalence in our study was lower than to the findings previously reported from Tunisia with 70.1% [41], Algeria with 78% [42], Corsica with 52% [12], and Sardinia with 81.8% [43]. Difference in reported prevalence rates may vary depending on many factors such as sampling procedure and size, a standardized assay, sampling season, type of farming, tick infestation status in the herd, and the degree of the exposure to tick vectors [41,42,44]. Our finding and the other published data indicate that infections caused by A. ovis are quite common all over the world.…”

Seroprevalence Assessment and Risk Factor Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Goats from Northeastern Algeria

“…Several studies have used serological methods to identify reproductive losses associated with T. gondii [ 8 ]. It would be important to use a combination of diagnostic methods, such as histopathological and molecular assays, to identify any association between T. gondii and placental lesions, and to rule out other infectious causes of reproductive disorders [ 59 , 60 ]. In a recent study, the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in the local goat population in the same study areas was reported [ 61 ], which reflects an exposure of this population to various abortifacient agents, and it should be taken into consideration when applying strategies to prevent and reduce the rate of abortions in goat herds.…”

Bacterial Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Approach. A Review

“…Anaplasmosis has a wide host range, including humans, and it is distributed worldwide. The zoonotic potential of some species is of great importance in regards to public health concerns [19,31].…”