Epidemiological and environmental evidence of the health effects of exposure to erionite fibres: A four‐year study in the cappadocian region of turkey

Baris, I; Simonato, Lorenzo; Artvinli, M; Pooley, F. D.; Saracci, Rodolfo; Skidmore, J. W.; Wagner, Clothilde

doi:10.1002/ijc.2910390104

Cited by 225 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…In villages built with stones mined from the nearby natural caves in Cappadocia, a region in Central Anatolia, Turkey, at least 50% of deaths are caused by malignant mesothelioma. [13][14][15][16][17] When Baris et al 13 discovered a very high incidence of mesothelioma in the village of Karain, scientists looked for asbestos, and some asbestos was found; 18 however, additional studies demonstrated that asbestos is omnipresent in Cappadocia because it is a natural component of that volcanic terrain and because asbestostremolite-based stucco has been widely used in building construction in all Cappadocian villages. 14 -17,19 Hence, asbestos could not account for the uniquely high incidence of mesotheliomas in these three villages.…”

Section: Genetic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 -17,19 Another type of mineral fiber, erionite, which had been detected in the lungs of several villagers, was suspected as causative agent. 14 -17,19 Erionite is a type of fibrous zeolite commonly found in the stones of the houses of Karain, Sarihidir, and Tuzkoy, 2,17,19,20 which, when injected intrapleurally into animals, caused mesothelioma. 21 Erionite, therefore, seemed much more potent than asbestos in causing mesothelioma because more than half of the villagers died of this disease, 17,19,22 and erionite is thought to be one of the most potent human carcinogens.…”

Section: Genetic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 -17,19 Erionite is a type of fibrous zeolite commonly found in the stones of the houses of Karain, Sarihidir, and Tuzkoy, 2,17,19,20 which, when injected intrapleurally into animals, caused mesothelioma. 21 Erionite, therefore, seemed much more potent than asbestos in causing mesothelioma because more than half of the villagers died of this disease, 17,19,22 and erionite is thought to be one of the most potent human carcinogens. 20 Studies tried to link erionite to other human tumors, but there were no significant differences in the incidence of any other tumor types in these two villages compared with the rest of Turkey.…”

Section: Genetic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolving Aspects of Mesothelioma Carcinogenesis: SV40 and Genetic Predisposition

Carbone

Pass

2006

Journal of Thoracic Oncology

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M alignant mesothelioma is characterized by a long latency from the time of exposure to asbestos to the onset of disease, which suggests that multiple somatic genetic events are required for tumorigenic conversion of a normal mesothelial cell. Epidemiological studies have established that exposure to asbestos fibers is the primary cause of malignant mesothelioma 1,2 , and recent investigations have implicated simian virus 40 (SV40) and genetic predisposition in the etiology of some malignant mesothelioma. SV40SV40 is a DNA tumor virus that is endogenous in rhesus monkeys and is now widespread among the human population. The modes by which the virus was transferred from monkey to human are uncertain, but it is possible that the bulk of this transfer may have occurred from 1954 to 1963 through SV40-contaminated polio vaccines administered worldwide. 3 SV40 can be excreted via human feces, breast milk, and semen 4 , and Butel et al. 5 and Butel and Lednicky 6 have reported that 5.9% of 377 Texas children born between 1980 and 1995 had SV40-neutralizing antibodies. SV40 produces two oncogenic proteins, the large and small t antigens. 2,4 The large T antigen (Tag) is capable of inducing structural and numerical chromosomal alterations. Tag also induces insulin-like growth factor expression and inhibits p53 and the pRb family, and it induces c-met activity to stimulate cell proliferation. 3,4 The small t antigen (tag) inhibits cellular phosphatase 2A, stimulates MAP kinase and AP-1 activity, and works with Tag to bind and inhibit p53 and pRb. 3 The combined activity of both the large Tag and the small tag induce Notch-1 and telomerase activity, which are required for malignant transformation and immortalization. 7,8 Analysis of human mesotheliomas for the virus revealed that SV40 sequences were present in 29 of 48 human mesothelioma samples (60%). Sequence analysis confirmed that the virus detected was SV40. 9 Polymerase chain reaction analysis, mRNA in situ hybridization, microdissection, and immunostaining techniques used in several studies have also shown that SV40 sequences and antigens are found in tumor cells but not in the normal adjacent tissue. 2,4 Although more than 60 laboratories have found SV40 in human mesotheliomas and other tumors, the virus was not detected in Finnish, Austrian, and Turkish mesothelioma specimens, 2-4 which suggests that the presence of SV40 in human tumors may be influenced by geographic factors. One of these factors may be related to polio vaccine distribution, because SV40-contaminated polio vaccines were not administered in Finland, Austria, and Turkey. 2,3 Three independent panels have reviewed and confirmed the association of SV40 with human tumors, especially mesothelioma. 10 -12 Human mesothelial cells are unusually susceptible to SV40 infection compared with fibroblasts. [3][4][5] In mesothelial cells, Tag binds p53 and inhibits its tumor suppressor activity. At the same time, the interaction inhibits the ability of the virus to replicate, which ultimately leads to prolonge...

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Section: Genetic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Predispositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolving Aspects of Mesothelioma Carcinogenesis: SV40 and Genetic Predisposition

Carbone

Pass

2006

Journal of Thoracic Oncology

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“…Baris et al (1987) reported total fiber levels in the villages from 0.004-0.175 fiberslml, and these measurements included other dusts in addition to zeolite. Simonato et al (1989) reported newer estimates of fiber characteristics in Karain and Sarihidir (two of the affected villages) and found levels to be 0.002-0.010 fiberdml (-80% zeolite) and 0.001-0.029 fibers/ml (-60% zeolite), respectively.…”

Section: Erionitementioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of potentially hazardous phases in the subsurface at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Guthrie¹,

Bish²,

Raymond³

1995

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Los Alamos ABSTRACTDrilling, trenching, excavation of the Exploratory Studies Facility, and other surface-and underground-distributing activities have the potential to release minerals into the environment from tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Some of these minerals may be potential respiratory health hazards. Therefore, an understanding of the distribution of the minerals that may potentially be liberated during site-characterization and operation of the potential repository is crucial to ensuring worker and public safety. Analysis of previously reported mineralogy of Yucca Mountain tuffs using data and criteria from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggests that the following minerals are of potential concern: quartz, cristobalite, tridymite, opal-CT, erionite, mordenite, and palygorskite. We have re-evaluated the three-dimensional mineral distribution at Yucca Mountain above the static water level both in bulk-rock samples and in fractures, using quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Erionite, mordenite, and palygorskite occur primarily in fractures; the crystalline-silica minerals, quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite are major bulk-rock phases. Erionite occurs in the altered zone just above the lower Topopah Spring Member vitrophyre, and an occurrence below the vitrophyre but above the Calico Hills has recently been identified. In this latter occurrence, erionite is present in the matrix at levels up to 35 wt%. Mordenite and palygorskite occur throughout the vadose zone nearly to the surface. Opal-CT is limited to zeolitic horizons.

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“…Volcanic rocks containing erionite are common in three villages -Karain, Tuzkoy and Sarihidir -which are built on and into these volcanic rocks. Although fibre levels are low, high proportions of erionite have been detected in airborne dust samples collected from these villages (2,6). Epidemiological ©2004 Pulsus Group Inc. All rights reserved ORIGINAL ARTICLE studies in these villages have shown that the incidence of MM is 1000 times higher than the reported general population incidence in Canada (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of Malignant Mesothelioma in Central Anatolia: A Study of 67 Cases

Gülmez¹,

Kart

Büyükoğlan³

et al. 2004

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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BACKROUND: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a fatal neoplasm which frequently results from exposure to asbestos or erionite. METHOD: Sixty-seven patients with MM were seen between 1990 and 2001. Their clinical and radiological features, as well as the therapy, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: In 51 patients (76.1%), the MM was confined to the pleura, in 14 patients it was exclusively peritoneal and in two patients, it involved both areas. Of the 67 cases, 35 (52.2%) were women. The mean (± SD) age for all cases was 57.6±11.5 years. Dyspnea (67.2%), cough (55.2%) and chest pain (50.7%) were the most frequent symptoms of onset. Pleural effusion (92.4%) was the most common chest x-ray finding, whereas pleural effusion (60.8%), pleural nodules (34.7%) and pleural thickening (34.7%) were the most common computed tomography findings in pleural MM patients. The histological subtypes of MM were determined as epithelial in 60 patients (89.5%), sarcomatous in four patients (5.9%) and mixed in three patients (4.4%). Although 50.7% and 25.4% of the cases were exposed to erionite and asbestos, respectively, 23.9% of the cases recalled no exposure to asbestos or erionite. Exposures were environmental as opposed to occupational. Thirty-five patients (52.2%) were administered chemotherapy, and follow-up data were available for 22 patients. For these patients, the two-year survival rate was 22% and the twoyear progression-free interval was 15.7%. There were no differences between patients with asbestos and erionite exposure. CONCLUSION: MM should be considered when exudative pleural effusion is detected in a patient who has been exposed to asbestos or erionite. MM is a major public health problem in parts of Turkey and compulsory environmental control of fibrous mineral should be considered.Key Words: Asbestos; Erionite; Malignant mesothelioma; Turkey L'évaluation du mésothéliome malin en Anatolie centrale : Une étude de 67 cas HISTORIQUE : Le mésothéliome malin (MM) est un néoplasme fatal qui découle souvent de l'exposition à l'amiante ou à l'érionite. MÉTHODOLOGIE : Soixante-sept patients atteints de MM ont été observés entre 1990 et 2001. Leurs caractéristiques cliniques et radiologiques, ainsi que leur traitement, ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation rétrospective. RÉSULTATS : Le MM était confiné à la plèvre chez 51 patients (76,1 %), au péritoine chez 14 patients, et il touchait les deux foyers chez deux patients. Des 67 cas , 35 (52,2 %) étaient des femmes. L'âge moyen (±ÉT) de tous les cas était de 57,6±11,5 ans. La dyspnée (67,2 %), la toux (55,2 %) et les douleurs thoraciques (50,7 %) étaient les symptômes d'apparition les plus fréquents. La radiographie thoracique la plus observée était une effusion pleurale (92,4 %), tandis qu'à la tomodensitométrie, on observait surtout une effusion pleurale (60,8 %), des nodules pleuraux (34,7 %) et un épaississement pleural (34,7 %) chez les patients atteints de MM de la plèvre. Les sous-types histologiques de MM étaient de nature épithéliale chez 60 patients (89,5 %), de nature...

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Epidemiological and environmental evidence of the health effects of exposure to erionite fibres: A four‐year study in the cappadocian region of turkey

Cited by 225 publications

References 15 publications

Evolving Aspects of Mesothelioma Carcinogenesis: SV40 and Genetic Predisposition

Evolving Aspects of Mesothelioma Carcinogenesis: SV40 and Genetic Predisposition

Distribution of potentially hazardous phases in the subsurface at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Evaluation of Malignant Mesothelioma in Central Anatolia: A Study of 67 Cases

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