Epidemiological Aspects of Cowpea Bacterial Blight

Lima-Primo, Hyanameyka Evangelista de; Nechet, K. de L.; Halfeld-Vieira, B. de A.; Oliveira, José Rogério de; Mizubuti, Eduardo S. G.; Souza, G. R. de

doi:10.1007/s40858-015-0007-y

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…vignicola ( Xav ). First, the infestation presumably resulted from infected seeds, and second, infections after germination proliferated due to the consistent rainfall during the early stages of growth (Figure 2a; de Lima-Primo et al ., 2015). These show the difficulty in identifying the optimal sowing time for cowpea in the Guinea savanna as the crop could be affected by too little or too much rain, which can possibly lead to crop failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume–maize Rotation or Relay? Options for Ecological Intensification of Smallholder Farms in the Guinea Savanna of Northern Ghana

et al. 2018

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SUMMARYSoil nutrient constraints coupled with erratic rainfall have led to poor crop yields and occasionally to crop failure in sole cropping in the Guinea savanna of West Africa. We explored different maize-grain legume diversification and intensification options that can contribute to mitigating risks of crop failure, increase crop productivity under different soil fertility levels, while improving soil fertility due to biological N 2 -fixation by the legume. There were four relay patterns with cowpea sown first and maize sown at least 2 weeks after sowing (WAS) cowpea; two relay patterns with maize sown first and cowpea sown at least 3 WAS maize in different spatial arrangements. These were compared with groundnut-maize, soybeanmaize, fallow-maize and continuous maize rotations in fields high, medium and poor in fertility at a site each in the southern (SGS) and northern (NGS) Guinea savanna of northern Ghana. Legumes grown in the poorly fertile fields relied more on N 2 -fixation for growth leading to generally larger net N inputs to the soil. Crop yields declined with decreasing soil fertility and were larger in the SGS than in the NGS due to more favourable rainfall and soil fertility. Spatial arrangements of relay intercrops did not have any significant impact on maize and legume grain yields. Sowing maize first followed by a cowpea relay resulted in 0.18-0.26 t ha −1 reduction in cowpea grain yield relative to cowpea sown from the onset. Relaying maize into cowpea led to a 0.29-0.64 t ha −1 reduction in maize grain yield relative to maize sown from the onset in the SGS. In the NGS, a decline of 0.66 and 0.82 t ha −1 in maize grain yield relative to maize sown from the onset was observed due to less rainfall received by the relay maize. Groundnut and soybean induced 0.38-1.01 t ha −1 more grain yield of a subsequent maize relative to continuous maize, and 1.17-1.71 t ha −1 more yield relative to relay maize across both sites. Accumulated crop yields over both years suggest that sowing maize first followed by cowpea relay is a promising ecological intensification option besides the more common legume-maize rotation in the Guinea savanna, as it was comparable with soybean-maize rotation and more productive than the other treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legume–maize Rotation or Relay? Options for Ecological Intensification of Smallholder Farms in the Guinea Savanna of Northern Ghana

et al. 2018

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“…It is used as staple food in different forms (grain, green pods, roots, or leaves) and as animal feed ( 2 ). Cowpea bacterial blight (CoBB) is a major disease of cow pea that severely reduces crop yields ( 3 ) and is present wherever cowpea is grown ( 4 ). The causal agent of CoBB is Xanthomonas citri pv.…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Complete Genome Sequences of Xanthomonas citri pv. vignicola Strains CFBP7111, CFBP7112, and CFBP7113 Obtained Using Long-Read Technology

et al. 2017

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“…A major constraint in limiting cowpea yields can be attributed to bacterial pathogens, which lead to massive crop losses of upward of 70% in the form of seed grain, pod, and fodder reduction (Agbicodo et al, 2010). Some of these destructive pathogens are transmitted via the seed (De Lima-Primo et al, 2015), while some are transmitted via the soil-borne route (Constantin et al, 2016). Some of the damaging symptoms of bacterial pathogen infestation in cowpea are brownish leaf spots, necrotizing and yellow halo leaf shapes, cracks noticeable on the stem, and pods filled with water, and blotch (Claudius-Cole et al, 2014).…”

Section: Bacterial Diseases/pathogens Affecting Cowpea Seeds Plants and Podsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints and Prospects of Improving Cowpea Productivity to Ensure Food, Nutritional Security and Environmental Sustainability

Omomowo

Babalola

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Providing safe and secure food for an increasing number of people globally is challenging. Coping with such a human population by merely applying the conventional agricultural production system has not proved to be agro-ecologically friendly; nor is it sustainable. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is a multi-purpose legume. It consists of high-quality protein for human consumption, and it is rich in protein for livestock fodder. It enriches the soil in that it recycles nutrients through the fixation of nitrogen in association with nodulating bacteria. However, the productivity of this multi-functional, indigenous legume that is of great value to African smallholder farmers and the rural populace, and also to urban consumers and entrepreneurs, is limited. Because cowpea is of strategic importance in Africa, there is a need to improve on its productivity. Such endeavors in Africa are wrought with challenges that include drought, salinity, the excessive demand among farmers for synthetic chemicals, the repercussions of climate change, declining soil nutrients, microbial infestations, pest issues, and so forth. Nevertheless, giant strides have already been made and there have already been improvements in adopting sustainable and smart biotechnological approaches that are favorably influencing the production costs of cowpea and its availability. As such, the prospects for a leap in cowpea productivity in Africa and in the enhancement of its genetic gain are good. Potential and viable means for overcoming some of the above-mentioned production constraints would be to focus on the key cowpea producer nations in Africa and to encourage them to embrace biotechnological techniques in an integrated approach to enhance for sustainable productivity. This review highlights the spectrum of constraints that limit the cowpea yield, but looks ahead of the constraints and seeks a way forward to improve cowpea productivity in Africa. More importantly, this review investigates applications and insights concerning mechanisms of action for implementing eco-friendly biotechnological techniques, such as the deployment of bio inoculants, applying climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, agricultural conservation techniques, and multi-omics smart technology in the spheres of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for improving cowpea yields and productivity to achieve sustainable agro-ecosystems, and ensuring their stability.

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Epidemiological Aspects of Cowpea Bacterial Blight

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Legume–maize Rotation or Relay? Options for Ecological Intensification of Smallholder Farms in the Guinea Savanna of Northern Ghana

Legume–maize Rotation or Relay? Options for Ecological Intensification of Smallholder Farms in the Guinea Savanna of Northern Ghana

First Complete Genome Sequences of Xanthomonas citri pv. vignicola Strains CFBP7111, CFBP7112, and CFBP7113 Obtained Using Long-Read Technology

Constraints and Prospects of Improving Cowpea Productivity to Ensure Food, Nutritional Security and Environmental Sustainability

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