Epidemiological aspects of poisoning Infectious-toxic bacteria of botulism on food poisoning in Iran; A review study

Mirbehresi, Halleh; Pirhadi, Mohadeseh; Shokri, Samira; Esmaeili, Ali

doi:10.21608/ejvs.2021.86225.1253

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Clostridium bacteria produce eight classes of toxins and frequently found in the soil and water in most parts all over the world [16]. Enterotoxaemia in neonatal calves and lambs caused by Cl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Pattern and Diagnostic Approaches to Enterotoxaemia Among Young Ruminants in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt

Hegazy,

Oreiby,

ABOU ELGHAIT

et al. 2023

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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nterotoxaemia is responsible for high mortalities among young ruminants with severe economic losses to farmers. Using a structured questionnaire, Farmers' knowledge and practices responsible for the spread of enterotoxaemia among ruminant species in 16 farms in Egypt were investigated. Also, 70 calves and lambs found to have died suddenly of haemorrhagic enteritis were examined post-mortem, and samples were collected from the intestine to isolate bacteriologically the causative agents. Toxins were identified in the intestinal contents of dead young ruminants and genes responsible for toxin production were identified in isolated Clostridium perfringens using multiplex PCR. Results showed a good knowledge of farmers on enterotoxaemia and they revealed that it is responsible for 25% of young ruminants' mortalities despite the high vaccination coverage. Farmers mentioned that most cases occur in the winter season and after Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. Most farmers do not follow quarantine measures for newly purchased animals and do not select only to buy vaccinated animals. Cl. perfringens type A and alpha toxin only were identified from two dead calves samples, while Cl. perfringens type D and alpha and epsilon toxins were identified from all other dead lambs and calves samples. In conclusion, control of enterotoxaemia has to be considered especially in winter seasons and known times of FMD outbreaks. Cl. perfringens type A and Cl. perfringens type D is the predominant causative agent of enterotoxaemia in calves and lambs in the study area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Pattern and Diagnostic Approaches to Enterotoxaemia Among Young Ruminants in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt

Hegazy,

Oreiby,

ABOU ELGHAIT

et al. 2023

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…Fish that have died from botulism may exhibit bloating, redness of the eyes and gills, and a lack of rigor mortis. The internal organs may also show signs of congestion and hemorrhage (Mirbehresi et al 2022).…”

Section: Botulismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Transmission Mechanisms and Pathologic Implications of Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases of Fish

2023

IJAB

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Fish harbor a variety of bacterial pathogens, some of which can cause disease in humans. Zoonotic bacteria that may be present in asymptomatic fish hosts pose a public health risk when transmitted to humans through handling or consuming infected fish. Mycobacteriosis, caused by species in the Mycobacterium marinum group, is perhaps the most notorious zoonotic infection associated with fish and can produce serious skin infections in humans. Streptococcosis and staphylococcosis also occur with some frequency in fish and can result in human cases of septicemia, endocarditis or pneumonia if injured skin comes into contact with infected fish tissues and bacteria access wounds. Additionally, some Vibrio and Clostridium species found among fish may cause wound infections or gastrointestinal illness in humans, usually subsequent to exposure through handling or ingesting raw seafood. Clinical signs of bacterial zoonosis are variable and diagnosis in human cases can prove complicated by the vast diversity of potential pathogens involved. Preventative measures center on educating aquarists and fish handlers to avoid direct contact with ulcerated areas, lesions or feces from diseased fish. For consumer safety, good aquaculture practices that reduce bacterial loads in farmed fish stock are recommended. Moreover, thoroughly cooking fish to an internal temperature over 140°F destroys pathogens that may be present. Additional research priorities include better characterization of bacterial diversity among wild and farmed fish, investigating genetic and immunological aspects of disease resistance, developing improved diagnostics through genomic analysis, assessing efficacy of existing antibacterial treatments in clearing pathogens prior to human consumption and formulating integrated control strategies to mitigate risks. This book chapter examines the incidence, transmission mechanisms and pathologic implications of common bacterial zoonosis originating from fish hosts.

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“…11,12 Iran has seen many botulism outbreaks in the past 10 years, mostly in northern districts bordering the Caspian Sea and fish products were the main sources. 13 For every 100,000 Iranian men and women, there are 7.1 and 3.3 cases of foodborne botulism annually, respectively. 14 According to current national surveillance statistics, home-prepared traditional processed fish, commercially canned fish, fish spawn, dairy products, vegetables, and home-prepared legumes, cottage cheese, and canned fruits are common causes of foodborne botulism in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological insights into an outbreak of foodborne botulism in Hamadan, Iran, in 2023: A microbiological and laboratory findings

Sadeghian,

Torkaman Asadi

2023

SAGE Open Medicine

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Background and Objective: Foodborne botulism is one of the potentially fatal forms of food poisoning, usually caused by ingestion of home-canned vegetables, fruits, and dairy and fish products. This study aimed to assess the frequency of signs and symptoms in patients with botulism following the ingestion of homemade Doogh, a traditional milk-based beverage, in Hamadan, Iran in 2023. We also examined the general characteristics of the recruited patients. Methods: During an outbreak, 21 patients were referred to the hospital because of food poisoning. All patients had a history of consumption of Doogh. After careful physical examination, all of them were hospitalized. Botulism was suspected in all patients except for the first patient. Results: The mean age of admitted patients was 33.09 ± 18.44 years, with 23.80% being males and 76.20% females. Incubation period in our patients was 68 ± 28.48 h. Notable symptoms included diplopia (95.23%), nausea and vomiting (85.71%), blurred vision (80.95%), and dizziness (61.90%). The laboratory results were within the normal range. No deaths occurred in this patient cohort. Furthermore, botulinum spores were detected in Doogh samples collected from the outbreak, confirming the presence of Clostridium botulinum spores as a source of the outbreak. Conclusions: This study highlights that the initial manifestations of botulism predominantly involved ophthalmologic abnormalities in most patients. Additionally, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness may manifest in cases of foodborne botulism. Timely diagnosis and treatment of botulism following the consumption of homemade Doogh played a crucial role in achieving positive outcomes, with no fatalities recorded in this patient cohort.

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Epidemiological aspects of poisoning Infectious-toxic bacteria of botulism on food poisoning in Iran; A review study

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Epidemiological Pattern and Diagnostic Approaches to Enterotoxaemia Among Young Ruminants in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt

Epidemiological Pattern and Diagnostic Approaches to Enterotoxaemia Among Young Ruminants in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt

Incidence, Transmission Mechanisms and Pathologic Implications of Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases of Fish

Clinicopathological insights into an outbreak of foodborne botulism in Hamadan, Iran, in 2023: A microbiological and laboratory findings

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