Epidemiological behavior of the COVID-19 contamination curve in Brazil: Time-series analysis

Abstract

Brazil is experiencing the greatest episode of sanitary collapse ever known in the country’s history. Therefore, the relevance of this study is highlighted for the scientific advance of the epidemiological behavior of the virus in Brazil, enabling the development of analyses and discussions on the factors that influenced the high rates of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in the country. Given the above, this study aims to analyze the epidemiological behavior of the COVID-19 contamination curve by epidemiological weeks (EW), in the years 2020–2021, in Brazil. This is an ecological study of time series, prepared using information collected through secondary means. The country of origin of the study is Brazil, and its main theme is the number of people infected during the COVID-19 pandemic, this being the dependent variable of the study. The data has been analyzed from February 23, 2020, when the first case was confirmed in Brazil, to January 1, 2022. In 2021, the country’s graph shows an exponential growth, reaching a peak of approximately 250 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the 12th EW. This data represents the highest rate of the pandemic in Brazil, and did not vary significantly for the next twelve weeks. Thus, it was identified that Brazil was severely impacted by the new coronavirus, considering the high rates of confirmed cases of the virus in the country, the low adherence of the population to preventive measures, the late start of mass vaccination in the Brazilian population, and the lack of structure in the health system, which was not appropriately prepared for the high demand generated by COVID-19.

The Omicron Lineages BA.1 and BA.2 (Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2) Have Repeatedly Entered Brazil through a Single Dispersal Hub

“…Finally, the results here provide strong evidence for the guided use of NPI. As the number of vaccinated people increased and the number of cases dwindled in 2021 [62][63][64], Brazilian states gradually abandoned the different measures of epidemic control employed, including the obligatory use of masks and social distancing. While it is understandable that the continued use of such interventions has impacts on public health, employment rate, and education [65][66][67][68][69], the complete removal of NPI left the country vulnerable to the entrance of Omicron, which caused the current record of COVID-19 cases in a week.…”

Factors influencing COVID-19 mortality among cancer patients: A Brazilian multi-institutional study

“…Concerning Brazil, the figures have surged to more than 36.5 million instances, and the distressing toll of fatalities associated with the disease has reached a staggering 695,000 [ 6 ]. Despite the considerable positive impact of mass vaccination and improved care protocols for critically ill patients, particularly in severe cases, there has been a recurrent surge in the epidemiological curve in Brazil due to the loosening of social isolation measures, low adherence of the populace to preventive measures, and the lack of a national governmental strategy for prevention [ 7 ].…”