Epidemiological characteristics and clinical outcome of HIV-related tuberculosis in a population of TB patients in South-Western Nigeria

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease globally with its impact more dramatic in resource limited settings. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who also develop tuberculosis represent a significant challenge to TB control. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of TB–HIV coinfection and pattern of infection among TB patients. We also compared treatment outcome among coinfected patients with those not coinfected.A six-year retrospective review of records of patients managed at the Tuberculosis Treatment Center of the LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, South-Western Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2014 was carried out.One hundred and five (26.3%) of the 399 TB patients seen in the study period were coinfected with HIV. About 10% of the subjects had extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment failure was significantly worse among patients who had both HIV and TB compared with those who had TB only (49.5% vs. 32%, p = 0.001). Death rate was also higher in the coinfected individuals implying a poorer clinical outcome.High prevalence of TB–HIV coinfection and poor treatment outcome in this group of individuals, though predictable, calls for a more concerted effort in the management of TB–HIV coinfection.

Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection: Clinico-Demographic Determinants at an Anti-Retroviral Therapy Center in Northern India

“…[10,12] In this study pulmonary tuberculosis was predominantly (66.99%) found in HIV-TB infected cases. This is consistent with fi ndings reported by Chandra et al (60.58%), Kamath et al (60.20%) and Olowe et al (94.30℅) [12,16,17] but contrasting results have been found in studies conducted by Dahiya et al, Chandra et al and Kavya et al [10,12,15] with higher incidence of extra-pulmonary TB than pulmonary TB among HIV-TB co-infected patients. A higher percentage of patients with HIV-PTB (32.38%) were observed to have CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/µL as compared to HIV-EPTB (30.90%).…”

Prevalence of HIV among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Erbil Governorate, Iraq

“…22,24 The current study revealed that the highest prevalence of HIV positivity was among pulmonary TB (25; 61%). This result is consistent with findings reported by Chandra et al, 35 Kamath et al, 18 and Olowe et al 36 where higher seropositivity of HIV were detected in cases of pulmonary TB. In addition, a study by Jha et al 37 from eastern Nepal showed that 71.4% of the TB/HIV co-infected cases were suffering more commonly from pulmonary TB than with extra-pulmonary TB (28.6%).…”

Characteristics Indicative of Tuberculosis/HIV Coinfection in a High-Burden Setting: Lessons from 13,802 Incident Tuberculosis Cases in Harare, Zimbabwe

“…3,4 Previous studies have contributed fundamental knowledge to TB prevention strategies by identifying key TB characteristics for HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients in some populations. [5][6][7][8] Such knowledge is important, as failure to receive antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in TB patients is known to be a risk factor for poor health outcomes of TB/HIV-coinfected patients. 9 With a better understanding of how TB disease disseminates throughout the body of people living with and without HIV, clinicians are able to make timely, accurate diagnosis of the disease.…”