Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease Patients in Northwest China: High-Volume Research From Low Population Density Regions

Zhu, Jianfei; Zhang, Qingqing; Jia, Chenghui; Wang, Wuping; Chen, Jiakuan; Xia, Yanmin; Wang, Wen-Chen; Wang, Xuejiao; Wen, Miaomiao; Wang, Hongtao; Zhang, Zhipei; Xu, Shuonan; Zhao, Jinbo; Jiang, Tao

doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.564250

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“… 1 Previous studies on distance and health care utilization in China have mostly focused on the eastern region. 6 , 7 Considering the relatively low population density and the lack of health facilities in northwest China, 8 the time and cost associated with accessing health care in this region may be increased. 9 Exploring whether there are differences in health service utilization among residents with different travel times in this region not only reflects the accessibility of health services but also provides a certain basis for the optimal allocation of health resources, related policy formulation, and evaluation of expected effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Travel Time Associated with Health Service Utilization in Northwest China? Evidence from Shaanxi Province

Bai¹,

Gao²,

Dong³

2022

IJGM

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Purpose Northwest China has a large area, low population density, and few health resources, which makes the utilization of health resources in this region difficult. The objective of this study was to assess utilization of health services and its association with travel time in Shaanxi Province. Patients and Methods Data were obtained from the fifth Household Health Service Survey of Shaanxi Province conducted in 2013. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between travel time and health service utilization, and negative binomial regression was conducted to assess the relationship between travel time and the frequency of health service utilization. Results A total of 42.6% of patients used health services, with a higher use rate among rural residents than among urban residents (47.0% and 27.4%, respectively). A total of 30.9% of patients traveled more than 15 min to the nearest medical facility (33.3% in rural areas and 22.6% in urban areas). A total of 12.4% of patients traveled more than 30 min to the nearest medical facility (15.1% in rural areas and 3.0% in urban areas). Urban residents living farthest from health care facilities (more than 30 min) had a 2.12-fold higher probability of health service utilization and expected to have a health service utilization rate 1.77 times greater than that of residents with a travel time of less than 5 min. Among the rural population, there was no significant correlation between travel time and health service utilization. Conclusion Urban patients living farthest from hospitals were more likely to use health services and used health services more frequently. This suggests that more attention should be given to urban patients who live far away from health service providers in Shaanxi Province.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Travel Time Associated with Health Service Utilization in Northwest China? Evidence from Shaanxi Province

Bai¹,

Gao²,

Dong³

2022

IJGM

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“…For instance, among >44,000 adults with COVID-19 in China, 81% showed mild disease, 14% had severe disease, and 5% became critically ill, with an overall case fatality rate of 2.3% and a case fatality rate of 49% among those patients with critical disease [ 6 ]. Over 94% of children in China have developed no symptoms, mild disease, or moderate disease, although 5% have developed severe disease and <1% have became critically ill [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Overall, the severity of COVID-19 is magnified by pre-existing comorbidities invariably associated with inflammation and metabolic abnormalities—over 70% of hospitalized cases have one or more pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and a compromised immune system what occurs in individuals with autoimmune disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or acquired immunodeficiency (e.g., caused by HIV infection) [ 10 , 11 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting MMP-Regulation of Inflammation to Increase Metabolic Tolerance to COVID-19 Pathologies: A Hypothesis

Hardy

Fernández-Patrón

2021

Biomolecules

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Many individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop no or only mild symptoms, but some can go on onto develop a spectrum of pathologies including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan failure. Many pathogens, viral and non-viral, can elicit these pathologies, which justifies reconsidering whether the target of therapeutic approaches to fight pathogen infections should be (a) the pathogen itself, (b) the pathologies elicited by the pathogen interaction with the human host, or (c) a combination of both. While little is known about the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2, it is well-established that the above-mentioned pathologies are associated with hyper-inflammation, tissue damage, and the perturbation of target organ metabolism. Mounting evidence has shown that these processes are regulated by endoproteinases (particularly, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)). Here, we review what is known about the roles played by MMPs in the development of COVID-19 and postulate a mechanism by which MMPs could influence energy metabolism in target organs, such as the lung. Finally, we discuss the suitability of MMPs as therapeutic targets to increase the metabolic tolerance of the host to damage inflicted by the pathogen infection, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2.

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“…The populous regions were more largely affected by the COVID-19 quarantine 32 and experienced a greater resurgence in NO 2 TVCDs. Meanwhile, the emission sectoral structure further influences the NO 2 variations across different regions.…”

Section: ■ Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TROPOMI NO₂ Shows a Fast Recovery of China’s Economy in the First Quarter of 2023

Zheng

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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On May 5, 2023, the World Health Organization declared that the three-year Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. As a major player in international trade, whether China's economy can quickly recover in the postpandemic era attracts global attention, while we lack direct indicators to track economic dynamics in realtime. Here, we analyze the daily changes in ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a short-lived pollutant released from fuel combustion, to monitor the pace of the economic recovery in China. The satellite-observed tropospheric NO 2 columns from 2005 to 2023 are interpreted with chemical transport model simulations to exclude metrological influences and disentangle the variations caused by anthropogenic sources. Satellites revealed a rapid recovery of NO 2 columns after the Chinese New Year in 2023, the fastest rate ever observed since 2005, especially over the densely populated areas where transport and industrial emission sources are concentrated. These agreed with the fast recovery of China's industrial production, and the provinces with larger industrial production observed a faster recovery in NO 2 columns than the other provinces. Our study suggests that China's economy recovered fast in early 2023 and satellite daily NO 2 data provide possibilities to track social-economic dynamics in real-time.

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Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease Patients in Northwest China: High-Volume Research From Low Population Density Regions

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Is Travel Time Associated with Health Service Utilization in Northwest China? Evidence from Shaanxi Province

Is Travel Time Associated with Health Service Utilization in Northwest China? Evidence from Shaanxi Province

Targeting MMP-Regulation of Inflammation to Increase Metabolic Tolerance to COVID-19 Pathologies: A Hypothesis

TROPOMI NO₂ Shows a Fast Recovery of China’s Economy in the First Quarter of 2023

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Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease Patients in Northwest China: High-Volume Research From Low Population Density Regions

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Is Travel Time Associated with Health Service Utilization in Northwest China? Evidence from Shaanxi Province

Is Travel Time Associated with Health Service Utilization in Northwest China? Evidence from Shaanxi Province

Targeting MMP-Regulation of Inflammation to Increase Metabolic Tolerance to COVID-19 Pathologies: A Hypothesis

TROPOMI NO2 Shows a Fast Recovery of China’s Economy in the First Quarter of 2023

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TROPOMI NO₂ Shows a Fast Recovery of China’s Economy in the First Quarter of 2023