Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of the outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai, China: a descriptive study

Chen, Zhiyuan; Deng, Xiaowei; Fang, Li‐Qun; Sun, Kaiyuan; Wu, Yanpeng; Che, Tian-Le; Zou, Jiong; Cai, Jun; Liu, Hengcong; Wang, Yan; Wang, Tao; Tian, Yuyang; Zheng, Nan; Yan, Xuemei; Sun, Ruijia; Xu, Xiangyanyu; Zhou, Xiaoyu; Ge, Shijia; Liang, Yeru; Liu, Yi; Yang, Juan; Zhang, Juanjuan; Ajelli, Marco; Yu, Hongjie

doi:10.1101/2022.06.11.22276273

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The local COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai has been rapidly spreading since March 2022 ( 32 ), and nursing staff has become the backbone of epidemic prevention and control. Although substantial research has been carried out on vaccine hesitancy, no single study exists that adequately investigates vaccine hesitancy profiles among nurses in mainland China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses in Shanghai: A latent profile analysis

Zhang

Dai

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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ObjectivesThis study aims to clarify the profiles of the psychological antecedents of vaccine hesitancy among Shanghai nurses with a person-centered approach.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional online survey was conducted on Shanghai nurses from July to August 2021 (N = 1,928). In the online survey, participants were asked to report their sociodemographic, the 5C vaccine hesitancy components, their knowledge level of COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination, and the COVID-19 vaccination uptake intention and attention to vaccine news. Latent profile analysis was used to reveal distinct profiles of vaccine hesitancy.ResultsThe results revealed four profiles, including “believers” (68.9%; high confidence and collective responsibility), “free riders” (12.7%; similar characteristics to believers, except for a low collective responsibility), “middlemen” (14.6%; middle in all 5C constructs), and “contradictors” (3.7%; high in all 5C constructs). Compared to believers, middlemen were younger, more likely to be female, childless, less educated, held lower professional titles, had fewer years of nursing service, sometimes or never complied with recommended vaccinations, had satisfactory or poor self-assessed health status, had no work experience during the COVID-19 epidemic, and possessed greater levels of knowledge. Free riders were more likely to work in community health centers and have a lower degree than believers. Contradictors were more likely to work in community health centers, had junior college degrees or lower, and had no work experience during the COVID-19 epidemic than believers. From the highest to the lowest on vaccination intention and attention to vaccine news were believers, then free riders, contradictors, and finally middlemen.ConclusionThis study could aid in the development of personalized vaccination strategies based on nurses' vaccine hesitancy profiles and predictors. In addition to vaccine believers, we identified other three profiles based on their 5C psychological antecedents, emphasizing the significance of establishing tailored vaccination campaigns. Further research into the prevalence of profile structure in other groups of healthcare workers is required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses in Shanghai: A latent profile analysis

Zhang

Dai

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…We then checked the frequency of address reported before (upto 2022-03-28) and after (from 2022-03-29 onward) the lockdown of the city 25 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We made an assumption that the single-reported infection location, by any reason, could be regarded as the terminal location of infection chain. Because the Omicron variant was highly contagious (with relative reproduction number of 2.71(95% CI 1.86-3.56) times of the Delta variant) 25,40,41 , the probability of fail to transmit in these locations will be very low and negligible, especially when the virus-shedding infected cases have been there and stayed with colleagues or family members for longer than eight hours a day. This phenomenon may attribute to many reasons, including the very early detection and isolation of infected person (still in latent phase), implement of effective counter-measures including enough fresh air, physical distancing and timely eliminating of the residuals containing potential viruses, whatever the reason, the single-reported locations, to some extent, displayed the rapid and effective response to curb the viral spreading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data also with the infection cases released daily were publicly accessible. The confirm of the infected cases, the timeline of municipal public response and the arrangement of repeated massive screening tests for the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 virus by using pharyngeal swab could refer to a descriptive study 25 . The longitude and latitude (in bd09 format) of these addressed were retrieved through web-based tool 30 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…city were completely locked down in a two-step appraoch in two days 25 . The infected cases surged after the city lockdown and these phenomena were also seen in many previous jurisdictions imposing lockdown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A pattern shift in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant transmission after the city lockdown--observational study based upon daily reported addresses of infected cases

Ye¹,

Zhang²

2022

Preprint

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Background Varied degrees of lockdown have been imposed for dozens of jurisdictions upon facing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemics during the past two years. Areal lockdown has been demonstrated effective to reduce the morbility and mortality of COVID-19. Even after the strict lockdown the peak of infection will appear around 9-25 days (median 18 days) thereafter. A wave of Omicron variant (BA.2 and BA.2.2) outbreak was seen from March to May 2022, in Shanghai, a megacity in China mainland. Aim To understand the sources of infection cases from outside or inside the isolated locations before and after the strict city lockdown. Methods The attributable addresses of SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported daily as well as the infected cases from March 18th, 2022 on through government website, which was publicly accessible. The address data and infected cases were collected until May 29th, 2022. The location (longitude and latitude) of these addresses were retrieved and the pattern of repeatedly reported addresses were analyzed. A tool of simple and meso-scale point-based (location-based) chronological graph was used to visualize and analyze the interactions of these locations. Results From March 18th to May 29th 2022, 173,350 items representing 35,743 unique addresses and 636,279 infected cases were released. The infection cases peaked 16 days after the city lockdown and were highly clustered in much crowded districts. The proportion of repeatedly reported locations of the previous day increased from around 20% before lockdown to greater than 40% in the plateau and remained at this level for up to one third (20/62) of the lockdown phase. This significantly increased proportion of intra-address infection indicated a pattern shift from inter-addresses to intra-address (D=0.2954, p<0.0001), which might perpetuate to the growth of infection cases. Based upon the day-to-day nearest neighbour transmission assumption the connections between some frequently repeated locations might be complex and heterogeneous. Interpretation During the strict areal isolation the intra-address infection may contribute significantly to infected cases of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, the infection might have easily spilled over the boundary of family(with averaged family size of 2.3-3.1 people and family were required stay-at-home compulsively). This significant inter-addresses to intra-address pattern shift necessitated the understanding of intra-location transmission routes and corresponding interventions. Areal isolation and close off with homogeneous assumption inside and outside the isolated areas should be modified and the quantifing of the elevated risk for previously less exposed but much vulnerable sub-population was in pressing need.

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Epidemiological characteristics of patients from fever clinics during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2022 in Shanghai, China

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Xie³

et al. 2023

Arch Virol

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An outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China, in March 2022 was caused by the Omicron variant. The epidemic lasted for more than 3 months, and the cumulative number of infected people reached 626,000. We investigated the impact of clinical factors on disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Using a case-control study design, we examined cases from fever clinics with confirmed Omicron variant infection, analyzed their population and laboratory diagnostic characteristics, and provided theoretical support for subsequent epidemic prevention and control. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with infection with the Omicron variant. The results of this study show that the COVID-19 vaccine can protect against infection with the Omicron variant, and more than 50% of infected people had not been vaccinated. Compared with the epidemic in Wuhan 2 years ago, most of the patients in the hospital in the Shanghai epidemic had underlying diseases ( P = 0.006). A comparison of patients infected with the Omicron variant in Shanghai and patients with other respiratory tract infections showed no significant difference in the levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, white blood cells, hemoglobin, or platelets ( P > 0.05). People over 60 years old and those with underlying diseases were at risk for pneumonia (OR = 14.62 (5.49-38.92), P < 0.001; OR = 5.29 (2.58-10.85), P < 0.001, respectively), but vaccination was a protective factor (OR = 0.24 (0.12-0.49), P < 0.001). In summary, vaccination has a potential effect on infection with Omicron variant strains and provides protection against pneumonia. The severity of illness caused by the Omicron variant in 2022 was significantly lower than that of the original SARS-CoV-2 variant from two years previously.

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Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of the outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai, China: a descriptive study

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Targeting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses in Shanghai: A latent profile analysis

Targeting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among nurses in Shanghai: A latent profile analysis

A pattern shift in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant transmission after the city lockdown--observational study based upon daily reported addresses of infected cases

Epidemiological characteristics of patients from fever clinics during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2022 in Shanghai, China

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