Epidemiological Characteristics of Breast Cancer in Middle and Late Age

Abstract

SUMMARY.-International rates of breast cancer for females aged 40-44 years (the " early " rate) and for females aged 65-69 years (the " late " rate) were positively correlated with sugar and fat intakes. The correlation explained three-quarters of the variation in the late rate, for 22 countries, but only half of the variation in the early rate. The late rate was, further, positively correlated with estimates of the percentage of nulliparous women (9 populations) and, together with terms for sugar and fat intakes, the multiple regression explained 90ev of the variation. Early registration rates (13 populations) were positively correlated with blood group A which appeared, from the multiple regression equation, to contribute more than twice the amount to the early rate than did sugar and fat intakes. The contribution of blood group A to the late rate appeared to be only one-third of that for sugar and fat intakes.DE WAARD (1969) has recently reviewed evidence for two age distributions of breast cancer. From their clinical characteristics (de Waard, de Laive and Baanders-van Halewijn, 1960) it was reasonable to regard breast cancer rates at age 40-44 years as a measure of the early group, while the late group could be represented by rates at 65-69 years. The. present study is an analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of these two rates. AIETHOD AND RESULTS DataData for different countries were examined for associations between breast cancer rates at 40-44 years, and at 65-69 years, with diet, parity, birth rate and blood group A. The data were as follows:Breast cancer mortality.-Mean rates for females aged 40-44 years and 65-69 years were calculated for the period 1962-66 (Segi and Kurihara, 1966; Segi, Kurihara and Matsuyama, 1969) Fig. 1).Diet. Mean annual per capita intakes (United Nations, 1950-65) of total calories, total carbohydrate, sugar, fat and meat were calculated for the period

ABO and Rh Blood Groups in Relation to Ovarian, Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Risk Among The Population of South-East Siberia

“…Additionally, several studies reported contradictory results. Although series of case-control studies failed to establish ABO blood groups as a major risk factor for breast cancer (Hems, 1970;Anderson and Haas, 1984;Dede et al, 2010), A group of authots (Tryggvadottir et al, 1988) reported that familial breast cancer cases had a 2-fold higher prevalence of blood group B than did the sporadic cases, and the frequency of this blood group in non-affected relatives of cases was significantly reduced. Moreover, another study has demonstrated that the absence of the Rh factor (Rh-) was positively associated with a 50% increased breast cancer risk (Ronco et al, 2009).…”

Nutrition and age at first birth in breast-cancer risk

“…In an attempt to find environmental correlates of these disparate international incidence rates, investigators have examined differences in consumption of various foodstuffs, particularly animal fat, protein and refined carbohydrates, and have discovered significant positive correlations with breast-cancer mortality (Berg, 1975;Hems, 1970;Howell, 1975). Whilst these associations do not prove causality, the nutrition hypothesis appears to be plausible (Berg, 1975).…”

“…In this report, we contrast the secular trend in the urban/ rural breast-cancer incidence ratio in the state of Iowa, U.S.A., with similar population-based trends in age-at-first-birth and nutritional data from available historical sources to gauge the relative importance of each factor in the changing breast-cancer incidence. Apart from studying total breast-cancer incidence, cases are also considered separately in selected age groups: "premenopausal" (ages 35-44) and "postmenopausal" (ages 65-74) as there is evidence that cancer in these groups behaves somewhat differently both biologically and epidemniologically (Hems, 1970). …”

Significance of ABO-Rh Blood Groups in Response and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

“…Authors reported that breast cancer incidence was similar among all ABO blood groups (Miao et al, 2013). In a study by Hems and Anderson, it was reported that A blood group was more commonly seen in patients with breast cancer (Hems, 1970;Anderson et al, 1985). In the study by Tryggvadottir et al, it was reported that B blood group type was 2 fold more common among cases with familial breast cancer when compared to sporadic cases (Tryggvadottir et al, 1988).…”