Epidemiological characterization of leptospirosis in horses in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

Alves, José Romero Alexandre; Oliveira, Kalyne Danielly Silva de; Costa, Diego Figueiredo da; Fernandes, Leíse Gomes; Higino, Severino Silvano dos Santos; Alves, Clebert José; Santos, Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista; Azevêdo, Sérgio Santos de

doi:10.1590/1808-1657001032014

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The analyzed variables did not show association with leptospiral infection. This disagrees with the work by Alves et al (2016) in Pernambuco, where pasture, the main food source, was considered a risk factor, stemming from the fact that natural reservoirs of the disease may be excreting the agent into the environment. Fodder, which is the main food source for animals in this region, originates from swampy areas, which does not cause great concern since in the region of the current study, the soil is sandy and Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 40, n. 2, p. 701-712, mar./abr.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…In the present work, MAT revealed that 57.69% of animals were reactive against leptospirosis. Similar results were described by in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Mato Grosso (MT), Ceará (CE), Pernambuco (PE), and Bahia (BA) and by Pinna et al (2008) in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), where they detected 52.63% and 55.40% of MAT seroreactive animals, respectively; lower results (28%) were detected by Alves et al (2016) in Pajeú (PE) using the same test. These serological results may have been influenced by the differences in the prevalence of animal leptospirosis in their respective locations, in addition to being a reflection of the study periods, which may have enhanced or decreased the probabilities of infection occurring in these equines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis in equines in the northwest region of Paraná

Pacheco

Bondezan

Pereira

et al. 2019

SCA

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Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are diseases that may affect man and domestic and wild animals. They also have wide geographical distributions and thus cause large public health issues. The objective of the current study was to conduct leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis seroepidemiology in horses used for animal traction in small rural propertiesof the municipality of Umuarama, in northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 312 horses from 87 small farms. Microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis were performed on sera to detect leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis, respectively. These were performed in conjunction with an epidemiological questionnaire. The MAT results included 180 (57.69%) samples that were considered reactive with titers between 100 and 12800 for one or more serovars. Thirty-three (10.57%) samples subjected to IIF were considered reactive, with titers ranging between 64 and 1024. From the analyzed variables, contact with wild animals (p= 0.012) and animal exchange between properties (p = 0.004) were associated with toxoplasma infection. The study revealed that horses in the northwestern region of Paraná were exposed to Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, with an insignificant implication of the animals' clinical condition; however, since it is possible for animals to transmit infection to other animals as well as humans via the intermittent shedding of leptospires through urine into the environment, it may be considered a problem of one health. As for the presence of T. gondii antibodies, these horses played the role of sentinel of the infection. Environmental sanitation measures, serological studies of herds, control of rodents and felids on properties, and the dissemination of information about these diseases are relevant for disease control at the study site.A leptospirose e a toxoplasmose são enfermidades de ampla distribuição geográfica e podem acometer o homem, animais domésticos e selvagens que causam elevados problemas para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a soroepidemiologia da leptospirose e toxoplasmose em equinos utilizados como tração animal de pequenas propriedades rurais do município de Umuarama, região noroeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 312 equinos de 87 pequenas propriedades rurais. Para detectar a leptospirose e toxoplasmose os soros foram submetidos às técnicas de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e imunofluorescencia indireta (IFI) respectivamente associada ao preenchimento de um questionário epidemiológico. Na SAM, 180 (57,69%) amostras foram consideradas reagentes apresentando títulos entre 100 e 12800, para um ou mais sorovares. Na IFI, 33 (10,57%) amostras foram consideradas reagentes com títulos de 64 a 1024. Em relação às variáveis analisadas, o contato com animais selvagens (p= 0,012) e troca de animais entre propriedades (p= 0,004) foram associados à infecção toxoplásmica. O estudo revela que os equinos da região noroeste do Pa...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis in equines in the northwest region of Paraná

Pacheco

Bondezan

Pereira

et al. 2019

SCA

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“…Taking into account the significant level of occurrence of the Icterohaemorrhagiae incidental serogroup, it is important to analyze how the animals come into contact with rodents and how to proceed with the implementation of rodent control (Verma et al, 2013), adequate sealing of waste and waste depot sites, as well as periodic cleaning of feeders and drinkers used by the animals (Alves et al, 2016). However, for infections of the Australis serogroup, control becomes more complex, since the main form of transmission is intraspecies infection (Ellis, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of equine seroreagent to Leptospira spp. in Northeastern Brazil

Morais¹,

Bezerra²,

Anjos³

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Considering the importance of leptospirosis in both equine husbandry and public health, as well as the relevance of knowledge of current serogroup and the small number of studies addressing this disease in equines in Northeastern Brazil, the present study performed a serological survey of Leptospira spp. in a serum bank of 1,267 equines originating from 177 municipalities, located in four states in Northeastern Brazil: Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used for diagnosis of leptospirosis using 24 serovars as antigens. The frequency of reagent equines was 29.7% (376/1,267), and 68.9% (122/177) of municipalities had at least one positive reaction. The serogroups reagent were Australis (37.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (29.3%), Tarassovi (9.6%), Sejroe (5.8%), Pomona (5.3%), Grippotyphosa (4.5%), Pyrogenes (2.4%), Bataviae (1.9%), Ballum and Hebdomadis (1.3%), Mini (0.5%), Celledoni, Shermani, and Javanica (0.3% each). There were significant statistical differences regarding sex and age, with a higher frequency in females (P= 0.014), and in animals ≥ 6 years (P=0.001). We concluded that seropositivity to Leptospira spp. is high in equines in Northeastern Brazil, with a predominance of serologic reactions to the Australis serogroup in the border areas between the states, and the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in coastal areas or their vicinity. The high degree of seropositivity found points to the need to implement prophylactic strategies, both intraspecies infection prophylaxis and rodent control. We also recommended avoiding animal crowding and separating animals according to sex and age group during handling.

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“…Briefly, five 2‐fold dilutions of serum samples from 1:25 to 1:4,000 were used. Samples were tested for 16 serovars: Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis (Australis), Leptospira interrogans serovar Autumnalis (Autumnalis), Leptospira interrogans serovar Sejroe (Sejroe), Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola (Canicola), Leptospira interrogans serovar Ballum (Ballum), Leptospira interrogans serovar Celledoni (Celledoni), Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni (Copenhageni), Leptospira borgpetersenii Javanica (Javanica), Leptospira interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa (Grippotyphosa), Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo (Hardjo), Leptospira interrogans serovar Hebdomadis (Hebdomadis), Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae (Icterohaemorrhagiae), Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona (Pomona), Leptospira interrogans serovar Pyrogenes (Pyrogenes), Leptospira interrogans serovar Tarassovi (Tarassovi) and Leptospira interrogans serovar Wolffi (Wolffi) (Adler, ; Alves et al, ; Dreyfus et al, ; Filho et al, ). The antigens were stored at 28°C from 5 to 10 days in EMJH (Ellinghausen & MCcullough, ) culture (Difco ® , USA) that was enriched with bovine albumin fraction V (Inlab ® , Brazil) (Ellinghausen & McCullough, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

Jara

Escobar

Rodriges³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that represents a major problem in animal and public health due to its high prevalence and widespread distribution. This zoonotic disease is most prevalent in tropical environments where conditions favour pathogen survival. The ecological preferences of Leptospira serovars are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge of where and when outbreaks can occur, which may result in misinformed prevention and control plans. While the disease can occur consistently in time and space in tropical regions, research on the ecology of leptospirosis remains limited in subtropical regions. This research gap regarding Leptospira ecology brings public and veterinary health problems, impacting local economies. To fill this gap of knowledge, we suggest to assess geographic and ecological features among Leptospira serovars in a subtropical area of Brazil where leptospirosis is endemic to (a) highlight environmental conditions that facilitate or limit Leptospira spread and survival and (b) reconstruct its geographic distribution. An ecological niche modelling framework was used to characterize and compare Leptospira serovars in both geographic and environmental space. Our results show that despite the geographic overlap exhibited by the different serovars assessed, we found ecological divergence among their occupied ecological niches. Ecological divergences were expressed as ranges of potential distributions and environmental conditions found suitably by serovar, Sejroe being the most asymmetric (<0.15). Most important predictors for the potential distribution of most serovars were soil pH (31.7%) and landscape temperature (24.2%). Identification of environmental preferences will allow epidemiologists to better infer the presence of a serovar based on the environmental characteristics of regions rather than inferences based solely on historical epidemiological records. Including geographic and ecological ranges of serovars also may help to forecast transmission potential of Leptospira in public health and the food animal practice.

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Epidemiological characterization of leptospirosis in horses in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis in equines in the northwest region of Paraná

Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis in equines in the northwest region of Paraná

Spatial distribution of equine seroreagent to Leptospira spp. in Northeastern Brazil

Spatial distribution and spread potential of sixteenLeptospiraserovars in a subtropical region of Brazil

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