Epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects of preterm birth over 10 years in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Abstract

Background: Preterm birth is an emerging global public health problem. The aim was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects of preterm newborns delivered at a sanitary training centre in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and describe the mothers of preterm newborns, the circumstances of childbirth, and the clinical characteristics of preterm newborns in order to calculate and study mortality. Material and methods: This retrospective study includes all preterm newborns hospitalized in the neonatology unit of Clinique El Fateh-Suka over a 10-year period. Results: The frequency of preterm birth was 193 of 574 gestational age-specified newborns (33.6%). Insufficient antenatal consultation, premature rupture of membranes, and pathology during pregnancy comprised 58%, 64.9%, and 82.6% of preterm birth cases, respectively. The main pathologies associated with preterm birth included hemorrhagic and hematological disorders (42.5%), neonatal infections (23.3%), congenital malaria (21.8%), and intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia (13.5%). The incidence of mortality was 21.2%, and the major causes of mortality included hemorrhagic and hematological disorders (46.3%), intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia (22%), and neonatal infections (14.6%). These deaths were more frequent in the early neonatal period than late neonatal period (30.8% vs. 6.1%) (OR = 6.91;; P = 0.000). Conclusion: Preterm birth occurs frequently in our neonatology unit, and the involved complications are as expected. Providing high-quality antenatal consultations will reduce the incidence of preterm birth. An improved system of care for newborns would also greatly reduce preterm mortality.

Frequency and Early Neonatal Mortality Related to Anomalies of Birth Weight and Gestational Age in Rural Areas: A Case of the General Reference Hospital of Lubao (Lomami Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)

“…The incidence of prematurity in this series of studies is close to that of certain African authors: Pambou et al [4] in the Republic of the Congo 16.8%, Yed et al [13] in Burkina Faso 15.88%, Chiesa et al [14] in Gabon 11.8% and Balaka et al [15] in Togo 11.3%. The results of Tietche et al [16] 21.5%, Nagalo [3] 33.6% and Nyenga [7] 43% in the DRC were higher than what we met in Lubao. On the other hand, Cissé et al [5], Kalume et al [17] and Bernardi [18] had mentioned frequencies lower than our results.…”

“…Our work is limited to determining the frequency of ABWGA. Indeed, malaria and poor follow-up of pregnancies have been incriminated in the occurrence of different anomalies of birth weight and gestational age in the world [3] [7] [8] [10] [11]. Male NBs were the most affected (52.4%) without being statistically significant.…”

Adolescent Pregnancy and Delivery in the Rural Areas of DR. Congo: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study (2014 to 2016)

“…It should be stressed that in the tropical environment where we are, the place of malaria is not to be neglected. The prevalence of preterm infants in the general population was variably assessed: 11.8% by Chiesa, et al [56], 21.05% by Tietche, et al [57] and Open Access Library Journal 33.6% by Nagalo, et al [58]. A case-control cohort study would be needed to determine whether the adolescent is at risk compared to adult women.…”