Epidemiological Evidence of the Association between Dietary Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Published Data.

Liu, Longjian; Ikeda, Katsumi; Sullivan, Dennis H.; Liu, Wenhua; Yamori, Yukio

doi:10.1291/hypres.25.689

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…13 The Intersalt Study, a large cross-sectional international study with 10 020 men and women aged 20-59 years from 54 population-based samples in 32 countries worldwide, also demonstrated that total dietary protein intake had an inverse relationship with BP. 23 Similarly, Liu et al 22 concluded in a metaanalysis report that the inverse association between dietary protein intake and BP was quite convincing in nine population-based cross-sectional studies. In addition, the inverse relationship between total protein intake and BP was further supported by two large controlled feeding trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[20][21][22] Intake of total protein and fibre was reported to have significant additive effects in lowering 24-h and All results are controlled for age, gender, race, treatment, study site, education, income, baseline blood pressure and changes of alcohol intake, physical activity, waist circumference, urinary creatinine, sodium excretion, body weight and dietary intake of calcium, and potassium at 6 or 18 months, respectively. All dietary intake variables are either as per cent of calories (protein and fat intake) or as g per 1000 kcal per day (alcohol, fibre), mg per 1000 kcal per day (calcium and potassium).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study

Wang

Yancy

et al. 2008

J Hum Hypertens

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Observational and clinical studies suggest that high protein intake, particularly protein from plant sources, might reduce blood pressure (BP). To examine the association of dietary protein with BP, we analysed data from PREMIER, an 18-month clinical trial (n ¼ 810) that examined the effects of two multi-component lifestyle modifications on BP. We examined the association of protein intake with BP, and in particular the independent relationship of plant and animal protein with BP. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Dietary plant protein was inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BP in cross-sectional analyses at the 6-month follow-up (P ¼ 0.0045 and 0.0096, respectively). Fruit and vegetable intake was also inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BP cross-sectionally at 6 months (P ¼ 0.0003 and 0.0157, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, a high intake of plant protein at 6 months was marginally associated with a reduction of both systolic and diastolic BP from baseline to 6 months only (P ¼ 0.0797 and 0.0866, respectively), independent of change in body weight and waist circumference. Furthermore, increased intake of plant protein, and fruits and vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension at 6 but not at 18 months. Results of this study indicate that plant protein had a beneficial effect on BP and was associated with a lower risk of hypertension at 6 months. Our data, in conjunction with other research, suggest that an increased intake of plant protein may be useful as a means to prevent and treat hypertension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study

Wang

Yancy

et al. 2008

J Hum Hypertens

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show abstract

“…It is therefore likely that the higher protein intake in the high-protein diet was responsible for the attenuated rise in blood pressure. Observations from several large epidemiological studies [30,31] and short-term (6-13 week) clinical trials [32,33] have demonstrated that protein intake may be inversely related to blood pressure, although which component of dietary protein might be involved is unclear. The present data also support the hypothesis that a long-term higher protein intake may help to lower blood pressure and CVD risk in people with diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. This study compared the long-term weight loss and health outcomes at 1-year follow-up, after a 12-week intensive intervention consisting of two low-fat, weight-loss diets, which differed in protein content. Methods. We randomly assigned 66 obese patients (BMI: 27-40 kg/m 2 ) with Type 2 diabetes to either a low-protein (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or high-protein diet (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks of energy restriction (~6.7 MJ/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern for a further 12 months of follow-up. Results. The study was completed by 38 of the subjects, with equal dropouts in each group. At Week 64, weight reductions against baseline were −2.2±1.1 kg (low protein) and −3.7±1.0 kg (high protein), p<0.01, with no diet effect. Fat mass was not different from baseline in either group. At Week 12, both diets reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6 and 3 mm Hg respectively, but blood pressure increased more with weight regain during follow-up in the lowprotein group (p≤0.04). At Week 64, both diets significantly increased HDL cholesterol and lowered C-reactive protein concentrations. There was no difference in the urinary urea : creatinine ratio at baseline between the two groups, but this ratio increased at Week 12 (in the high-protein group only, p<0.001, diet effect), remaining stable during follow-up in both diets. Conclusions/interpretation. A high-protein weightreduction diet may in the long term have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than a lowprotein diet with similar weight reduction in people with Type 2 diabetes.

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“…In this study, the HP-LF diet lowered significantly more systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with the LP-HF diet, independent from weight loss, sodium or fiber content of the diet. Liu et al (2002) in a metaanalysis of nine cross-sectional studies found a significant inverse association between dietary protein and blood pressure in both genders. It has been suggested that potentially protein intake could influence arterial BP through the actions of its constituent amino acids (Ginsberg, 2000;Barre, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: There is controversy over dietary protein's effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors in diabetic subjects. It is unclear whether observed effects are due to increased protein or reduced carbohydrate content of the consumed diets. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two diets differing in protein to fat ratios on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Subjects/Methods: A total of 17 obese (body mass index (BMI) ranging from 31 to 45 kg/m 2 ) volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2), aged 46 ± 3 years, consumed two diets, each for 4 weeks, with 3 weeks of washout period in a random, blind, crossover design. The diets were: (1) a high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) and (2) a low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat). Their effects on fasting glycemic control, lipid levels and blood pressure, and on postprandial glucose and insulin responses after a standard test meal at the beginning and end of each dietary intervention were analyzed. Results: Both diets were equally effective in promoting weight loss and fat loss and in improving fasting glycemic control, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but the HP-LF diet decreased to a greater extent triglyceride (TG) levels (P ¼ 0.04) when compared with the LP-HF diet. HP-LF diet improved significantly both systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with the LP-HF diet (Po0.001 and Po0.001, respectively). No differences were observed in postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Conclusions: A protein to fat ratio of 1.5 in diets significantly improves blood pressure and TG concentrations in obese individuals with DM2.

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Epidemiological Evidence of the Association between Dietary Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Published Data.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to address the association between dietary protein intake and blood pressure

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study

The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

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