Epidemiological Features and Risk Factors for Acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis in HIV-Infected Patients in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at a higher risk for co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP; the agent causing syphilis) than the general population. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis has geographic differences and varies from region to region among HIV-positive individuals. A retrospective study was carried out on HIV-positive individuals between June 2011 and June 2016 in Shaanxi Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using stepwise regression analysis regarding risk factors for HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-syphilis co-infection. HBV-HCV, HCV-syphilis, HBV-syphilis, and HBV-HCV-syphilis co-infection rates were 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rate of ineffective hepatitis B vaccine immunization was as high as 30.2% among HIV-positive individuals. Ethnicity (OR = 31.030, 95% CI: 11.643-82.694) and HIV transmission routes (OR = 134.024, 95% CI: 14.328-1253.653) were the risk factors for HCV infection in HIV-positive individuals. Among the HIV-positive individuals with the antibodies of TP, the rate of homosexual transmission was also higher, but heterosexual transmission was lower (OR = 0.549 95% CI: 0.382-0.789) The HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province had the characteristics of low active detection rate and late diagnosis. The high rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

Fatores associados à coinfecção HIV/sífilis no início da terapia antirretroviral

“…Semelhante a outros estudos 18,19 , também observamos que ter diagnóstico de outras IST apresentaram associação independente com maior chance de coinfecção HIV/sífilis. Esse resultado pode indicar que o comportamento sexual de risco das PVHIV pode contribuir para a disseminação da infecção pelo HIV e impactar no controle da sua transmissão.…”

Functional Gene Clusters in Global Pathogenesis of Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary Discovered by Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomes

“…It has been reported to show the strong correlation between chronic inflammation caused by infections or autoimmune diseases and cancers [73]. For example, hepatitis B virus infection may increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma [74,75], and high-risky types of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer [76,77]. Patients with autoimmune diseases also have a higher incidence of malignancies, such as scleroderma and myositis [73].…”

Spatial−temporal analysis of HIV/AIDS and syphilis in mainland China from 2007 to 2017

“…Some previous studies indicated that HIV/AIDS and syphilis prevalence have been increasing in the past decades. [11][12][13][14][15] The study from Ye et al 12 predicted incidence rates of AIDS and syphilis to keep increasing over time. Regional and age difference in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS 14 are also reported.…”