Epidemiological history and phylogeography of West Nile virus lineage 2

Ciccozzi, Massimo; Peletto, Simone; Cella, Eleonora; Giovanetti, Marta; Lai, Alessia; Gabanelli, Elena; Acutis, Pier Luigi; Modesto, Paola; Rezza, Giovanni; Platonov, Alexander E.; Presti, Alessandra Lo; Zehender, Gianguglielmo

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.034

Cited by 59 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This analysis of the full viral genome is in agreement with the alignments performed on the NS3 region [20] and indicates that the Greek WNV isolates belong to a distinct evolutionary clade that probably evolved recently [27]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…KF179639. This strain showed a higher sequence identity to the Nea Santa-Greece-2010 strain than to other related WNV lineage 2 strains within the Hungary/04 cluster [27,28] (Table 1 and Figure 1). The percentage of nucleotide identity with other WNV lineage 2 genomes was as follows: 99.7% identity vs. Greece Nea Santa; 99.4% vs. Austria 2008; 99.2% vs. Italy AN-2 2011; 99.3% vs. Hungary 04; and 99.3% vs. Serbia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Genome Sequencing of West Nile Virus from Human Cases in Greece, 2012

Barzon

Papa

Pacenti

et al. 2013

Viruses

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A West Nile Virus (WNV) lineage 2 strain, named Nea Santa-Greece-2010, has been demonstrated to be responsible for the large outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease (WNND) that have been occurring in Greece since 2010, based on sequence similarities of viral isolates identified between 2010–2012. However, knowledge on the evolution of this strain is scarce because only partial WNV genome sequences are available from Greece. The aim of this study was to get the complete genome sequence of WNV from patients with infection. To this aim, plasma and urine samples collected during the 2012 Greek outbreak were retrospectively investigated. Full WNV genome sequence was obtained from a patient with WNND. The genome had 99.7% sequence identity to Nea Santa, higher than to other related WNV lineage 2 strains, and five amino acid changes apparently not relevant for viral pathogenicity or fitness. In addition, infection by WNV lineage 2 was confirmed in additional nine patients with WNND; in three of them the infection with WNV Nea Santa was demonstrated by sequencing. In conclusion, this study characterized for the first time a WNV full genome from a patient with WNND from Greece, demonstrated the persistence of the Nea Santa strain, and suggested that the virus might have locally evolved.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Genome Sequencing of West Nile Virus from Human Cases in Greece, 2012

Barzon

Papa

Pacenti

et al. 2013

Viruses

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“…The strong spatial structure of the genetic variability of CCHFV suggested it would be worth studying the migration of the clades phylogeographically in order to reconstruct the possible origin and dispersion pathways of the different viral strains. A study published two years ago [22] used a phylogeographical approach based on maximum parsimony, but new Bayesian methods have recently been developed that allow simultaneous estimates of evolutionary rates and migration routes [31], which are useful for reconstructing the past and recent epidemiological history of highly variable viruses [36-38] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Phylogeography of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Europe

et al. 2013

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonosis mainly transmitted by ticks that causes severe hemorrhagic fever and has a mortality rate of 5-60%. The first outbreak of CCHF occurred in the Crimean peninsula in 1944-45 and it has recently emerged in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. In order to reconstruct the origin and pathway of the worldwide dispersion of the virus at global and regional (eastern European) level, we investigated the phylogeography of the infection by analysing 121 publicly available CCHFV S gene sequences including two recently characterised Albanian isolates. The spatial and temporal phylogeny was reconstructed using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, which estimated a mean evolutionary rate of 2.96 x 10-4 (95%HPD=1.6 and 4.7 x 10-4) substitutions/site/year for the analysed fragment. All of the isolates segregated into seven highly significant clades that correspond to the known geographical clades: in particular the two new isolates from northern Albania clustered significantly within the Europe 1 clade. Our phylogeographical reconstruction suggests that the global CCHFV clades originated about one thousand years ago from a common ancestor probably located in Africa. The virus then spread to Asia in the XV century and entered Europe on at least two occasions: the first in the early 1800s, when a still circulating but less or non-pathogenic virus emerged in Greece and Turkey, and the second in the early 1900s, when a pathogenic CCHFV strain began to spread in eastern Europe. The most probable location for the origin of this European clade 1 was Russia, but Turkey played a central role in spreading the virus throughout Europe. Given the close proximity of the infected areas, our data suggest that the movement of wild and domestic ungulates from endemic areas was probably the main cause of the dissemination of the virus in eastern Europe.

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“…Its importance as an ongoing public health concern is demonstrated by recent outbreaks of WNV encephalitis, including a large outbreak in Texas in 2012 [5], the spread of a lineage 2 strain across Europe since 2008 [6,7], and the emergence in Australia in 2011 of encephalitis caused by the Kunjin strain of WNV [8]. The latter two are examples of human disease caused by WNV strains that had rarely been associated with neuroinvasive disease in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into innate immune restriction of West Nile virus infection

Lazear

Diamond

2015

Current Opinion in Virology

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West Nile virus (WNV) is an encephalitic flavivirus that has provided a valuable experimental system for studying viral pathogenesis and immunity. Although in vitro approaches and mouse models of infection have identified pattern recognition receptor and interferon pathways that control WNV infection, our appreciation of specific antiviral effectors has been more limited. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the host factors that restrict WNV infection in mammals and insects, especially those resulting from large-scale screening approaches.

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Epidemiological history and phylogeography of West Nile virus lineage 2

Cited by 59 publications

References 30 publications

Genome Sequencing of West Nile Virus from Human Cases in Greece, 2012

Genome Sequencing of West Nile Virus from Human Cases in Greece, 2012

Bayesian Phylogeography of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Europe

New insights into innate immune restriction of West Nile virus infection

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