Epidemiological investigation on stomach cancer mortality in Chileans: Association with nitrate fertilizer

Zaldívar, R; Robinson, Harry

doi:10.1007/bf00284363

Cited by 40 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Further risks exist for pregnant women and for patients with gastric medical conditions such as hereditary deficits in metahemoglobin-reductase NADH and G6PD, and in patients with hemoglobinopathy (Freitas, Brilhante, & Almeida, 2001). Cattle, such as dairy cows, can also present symptoms of In Chile, Zaldívar and Robinson (1973) carried out an epidemiological investigation on the association between stomach cancer and nitrogenous fertilizers, and found that 49.4% of the people exposed to sodium nitrate died. Studies in England showed that nitrates cannot be excluded as etiological factors in the development of gastric cancer and resultant mortality (Peter & Clough, 1983), and there is a statistically significant relation (r 2 =0.46) between this type of cancer and the consumption of water contaminated with nitrates (Sandor et al, 2001).…”

Section: Nitrates and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Contamination of Subterranean Water with Nitrates and Nitrites: An Environmental and Public Health Problem

Galaviz-Villa¹,

Landeros-Sánchez²,

Castañeda-Chávez³

et al. 2010

JAS

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Section: Nitrates and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural Contamination of Subterranean Water with Nitrates and Nitrites: An Environmental and Public Health Problem

Galaviz-Villa¹,

Landeros-Sánchez²,

Castañeda-Chávez³

et al. 2010

JAS

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“…Nitrite can react with secondary amines, amides and urea to form N-nitroso compounds (Hawksworth & Hill, 1971). These compounds, which are potential carcinogens and mutagens (Hartman, 1982), can be generated in the stomach (Ruddell et al 1978), where they have been implicated with human gastric cancer (Hill et al 1973;Zaldivar & Robinson, 1973;Cuello et al 1976), although this is not universally accepted (Forman et al 1985). Nitrosamines have also been detected in human faeces (Wang et al 1978;Suzuki & Mitsuoka, 1981).…”

Section: Nitrate: Nitrite: Human Colon: Ileostomymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary nitrate on nitrate and nitrite excretion in man

1990

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Dietary nitrate and nitrite may affect colonic pathophysiology. These anions influence fermentation, and nitrite has been shown to augment sodium absorption by the colon and participate in the formation of N-nitroso compounds. There is, however, no general agreement as to how much dietary nitrate and nitrite reaches the colon. To help resolve this question, balance studies were performed on six healthy ileostomy subjects who were given diets that varied in nitrate content from 0.83 to 5.20 mmol/d. Nitrate and nitrite excretion in ileal effluent and urine were measured by anion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection. There was no significant nitrite in the diets, urine or ileal effluent. Dietary nitrate was largely excreted in urine (1.31425 mmol/d). The urinary excretion findings indicated net synthesis of nitrate at low dietary intakes and net catabolism of nitrate at high intakes. Nitrate losses in ileal effluent were very low (0.03405 mmol/d, O.OM.06 mmol/kg) and unrelated to intake for all the diets. It is concluded that dietary nitrate and nitrite do not enter the colon from the small intestine in amounts that would affect fermentation and mucosal metabolism in man. The possibility of significant amounts of nitrate reaching the colon via blood in normal subjects has not been excluded.

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“…Small amounts ofthese compounds are formed in some foods and in the animal and human body from the reaction ofamines and nitrite. A common precursor to nitrite is nitrate; higher than average levels of nitrate in some environments have been linked to elevated incidences of human cancer (2,3). The environment is not the only source of nitrate: metabolic balance studies performed early in this century (4) and preliminary studies from our laboratory (5) an average of-total calories from protein of 7.0%, from carbohydrates of 53%, and from fat of 40%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate biosynthesis in man.

Green¹,

Luzuriaga²,

Wagner³

et al. 1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

561

262

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Nitrate metabolism was investigated in longterm metabolic balance studies on healthy young men. Under conditions of constant low ingestion of nitrate (<180 pumol/day per subject), the amount of nitrate excreted in urine was an average of 4-fold greater than the amount ingested. Balance studies with '5N03-showed that the source of the excess nitrate in urine was the endogenous biosynthesis of nitrate, rather than the emptying of a body pool. Nitrate biosynthesis occurred when nitrate ingestion was high as well as low, and the amounts synthesized appeared to be independent of intake and comparable to the amounts ingested from normal diets. Analysis of the '5N03-data also revealed that half of ingested nitrate was recovered as urinary nitrate. Because nitrate in urine is the net result of (i) intake, (ii) endogenous synthesis, and (iii) metabolic losses, the magnitude of the losses is such that, despite ongoing synthesis, the amount of nitrate in the urine ofpeople consuming most diets will be less than the amount ingested.Nitrosamines are potent animal carcinogens (1). Small amounts ofthese compounds are formed in some foods and in the animal and human body from the reaction ofamines and nitrite. A common precursor to nitrite is nitrate; higher than average levels of nitrate in some environments have been linked to elevated incidences of human cancer (2, 3). The environment is not the only source of nitrate: metabolic balance studies performed early in this century (4) and preliminary studies from our laboratory (5) corn starch dessert, and protein-free cookies (7). Mean energy intake was 46 kcal (1 cal = 4.184 J) per kg of body weight, with an average of-total calories from protein of 7.0%, from carbohydrates of 53%, and from fat of 40%.Another group of eight young men (mean age, 22; mean weight, 72 kg) participated in a second study lasting 56 days. During wk 1 of the study, the subjects consumed their freechoice diet. For the next 4 wk, they consumed the basal formula to which milk protein had been added. In addition, twice daily they consumed an omelette made of dried egg, water, and salt. Carbonated and sucrose beverages, a cornstarch dessert, and protein-free cookies provided the remainder of calories in the diet.For the final 3 wk of the study, 25 g of standardized wheat bran preparation (American Association ofCereal Chemists certified food grade wheat bran) was added to the basal formula. The diet otherwise was identical to that of the previous 4 wk. Daily protein intake was higher in this second study-1.5 g of protein per kg of body weight. Mean daily calories consisted of 14% from protein, 45% from carbohydrate, and 41% from fat.A third study involved another six young men (mean age, 24; mean weight, 79 kg) and lasted for 1 wk. The subjects consumed the high protein soy, milk, and egg diet utilized in the second study, with no addition of bran. On the penultimate morning of this study, after an overnight 10-hr fast, each subject was given a 300-mg (3500 jmol) dose of Na'5NO3 (.99% N = 15N) in ...

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Epidemiological investigation on stomach cancer mortality in Chileans: Association with nitrate fertilizer

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Agricultural Contamination of Subterranean Water with Nitrates and Nitrites: An Environmental and Public Health Problem

Agricultural Contamination of Subterranean Water with Nitrates and Nitrites: An Environmental and Public Health Problem

The effect of dietary nitrate on nitrate and nitrite excretion in man

Nitrate biosynthesis in man.

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