Epidemiological Investigation, Risk Factors, Spatial-Temporal Cluster, and Epidemic Trend Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Seroprevalence in China (2017 to 2021)

Zhao, Pengfei; Wang, Yu; Zhang, Pengfei; Du, Fei; Li, Jianhai; Wang, Chaofei; Fang, Rui; Jun, Zhao

doi:10.1128/spectrum.05297-22

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Berke et al ( 39 ) detected the spatial aggregation of two PRV infections in Germany, with radii of 2.6 and 1.7 km, and relative risk values of 2.4 and 3.3, respectively. Zhao et al ( 22 ) detected five significant high PRV gE seroprevalence groups in China for the first time in their data from 2017 to 2021. However, research on PRV spatiotemporal clustering in China is still relatively limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has led to significant changes in herd distribution, farm biosecurity levels, and herd circulation strategies within the swine farming industry. Zhao et al found that pig farms sampled after the ASF outbreak demonstrated a lower likelihood of PRV infection compared to those sampled before the outbreak ( 22 ). This could be attributed to enhanced biosafety management practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological investigation, determination of related factors, and spatial-temporal cluster analysis of wild type pseudorabies virus seroprevalence in China during 2022

Gao,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionPseudorabies virus (PRV) is a linear DNA virus with a double-stranded structure, capable of infecting a diverse array of animal species, including humans. This study sought to ascertain the seroprevalence of Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) in China by conducting a comprehensive collection of blood samples from 16 provinces over the course of 2022.MethodsThe presence of PRV gE antibodies was detected through the utilization of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify potential related factors associated with the serologic status of PRV gE at the animal level. Additionally, the SaTScan 10.1 software was used to analyze the spatial and temporal clusters of PRV gE seroprevalence.ResultsA comprehensive collection of 161,880 samples was conducted, encompassing 556 swine farms throughout the country. The analysis revealed that the seroprevalence of PRV gE antibodies was 12.36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.20% to 12.52%) at the individual animal level. However, at the swine farm level, the seroprevalence was considerably higher, reaching 46.22% (95% CI, 42.08% to 50.37%). Related factors for PRV infection at the farm level included the geographic distribution of farms and seasonal variables. Moreover, five distinct high seroprevalence clusters of PRV gE were identified across China, with the peak prevalence observed during the months of April through June 2022.ConclusionOur findings serve as a valuable addition to existing research on the seroprevalence, related factors, and temporal clustering of PRV gE in China. Furthermore, our study provides a reference point for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and control of pseudorabies and wild virus outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological investigation, determination of related factors, and spatial-temporal cluster analysis of wild type pseudorabies virus seroprevalence in China during 2022

Gao,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Analysis of the viral genome has revealed that the newly emerged PRV variant belongs to a strain variant of genotype 2. In recent years, extensive serological molecular epidemiological studies on PRV infection have been conducted in pig populations in China to better control the spread of the novel variant strains (Zhao et al, 2023). The prevalence of PRV infection is influenced by various factors such as region, sample size, and season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunity protection of intestine induced by pseudorabies virus del gI/gE/TK in piglets

Zhang,

Xu,

Tao

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Compared to the classical strain of Pseudorabies virus (PRV), the PRV variant exhibits stronger transmissibility and pathogenicity, causing immense disasters for the global pig industry. Based on this variant, our laboratory has preliminarily constructed a modified pseudorabies virus with deletions in the gE/gI/TK genes. In this study, the protective efficacy of PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK against piglet intestinal damage was evaluated. The results demonstrated that piglets immunized with PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK exhibited alleviated intestinal damage caused by the PRV XJ variant strain. This included reduced viral load, suppressed inflammation, and maintenance of intestinal structure and function. Additionally, PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK also strongly activated the innate immune response in the intestines, increasing the expression of antiviral factor mRNA and the secretion of SIgA to counteract the attack of the PRV XJ variant strain. Our study indicates that PRV XJ del gI/gE/TK can inhibit intestinal damage caused by PRV XJ variant strain and activate the innate immune response in the intestines.

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“…Pseudorabies (PR) is a disease caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), which belongs to the herpesvirus family [14][15][16]. Despite the fact that PR has been eradicated in several countries, variant strains of PRV remain prevalent in China [17]. PR is a notable disease, causing substantial economic losses for the swine industry, with pigs being vulnerable to PR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Porcine Interferon-α Decreases Pseudorabies Virus Infection

Song,

Wei,

Liu

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Interferon (IFN) is a cell-secreted cytokine possessing biological activities including antiviral functioning, immune regulation, and others. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) mainly derives from plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which activate natural killer cells and regulate immune responses. IFN-α responds to the primary antiviral mechanism in the innate immune system, which can effectively cure acute infectious diseases. Pseudorabies (PR) is an acute infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). The clinical symptoms of PRV are as follows: reproductive dysfunction among pregnant sows and high mortality rates among piglets. These pose a severe threat to the swine industry. Related studies show that IFN-α has broad applications in preventing and treating viral diseases. Therefore, a PRV mouse model using artificial infection was established in this study to explore the pathogenic effect of IFN-α on PRV. We designed a sequence with IFN-α4 (M28623, Genbank) and cloned it on the lentiviral vector. CHO-K1 cells were infected and identified using WB and RT-PCR; a CHO-K1 cell line with a stable expression of the recombinant protein PoIFN-α was successfully constructed. H&E staining and virus titer detection were used to investigate the recombinant protein PoIFN-α’s effect on PR in BALB/c mice. The results show that the PoIFN-α has a preventive and therapeutic impact on PR. In conclusion, the recombinant protein can alleviate symptoms and reduce the replication of PRV in vivo.

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Epidemiological Investigation, Risk Factors, Spatial-Temporal Cluster, and Epidemic Trend Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Seroprevalence in China (2017 to 2021)

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Epidemiological investigation, determination of related factors, and spatial-temporal cluster analysis of wild type pseudorabies virus seroprevalence in China during 2022

Epidemiological investigation, determination of related factors, and spatial-temporal cluster analysis of wild type pseudorabies virus seroprevalence in China during 2022

The immunity protection of intestine induced by pseudorabies virus del gI/gE/TK in piglets

Recombinant Porcine Interferon-α Decreases Pseudorabies Virus Infection

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