Epidemiological patterns of mortality due to visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS co-infection in Brazil, 2000–2011

Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Lima, Mauricélia da Silveira; Alencar, Carlos Henrique; Ramos, Alberto Novaes; Heukelbach, Jörg

doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru050

Cited by 22 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There was no difference from other studies and it probably reflects the proportion of HIV cases between men and women in the general population. 9,15,22,23 Gil-Prieto et al, 24 in Spain, observed that 90% of the HIV/leishmaniasis coinfected individuals were aged between 25 and 49 years, not so far from the 75% in our study in the same age group. This is an important aspect because that is an economically active age.…”

Section: Visceral Leishmaniasis In Hiv-infected Patients In Brazilcontrasting

confidence: 60%

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil

Guedes

Medeiros

Silva

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Common in four continents, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important but neglected disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the risk of developing VL in people from leishmaniasis-endemic areas, with worse prognosis when there is coinfection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of HIV/VL coinfection in patients admitted in three referral hospitals for HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Pernambuco, Brazil, and to compare epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics among HIV/VL coinfected and HIV mono-infected individuals. The sample consisted of HIV patients aged 18 years or more, in a period of data collection of 6 months. We performed four Leishmania tests-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct agglutination test, rK39, and latex agglutination test-and individuals with at least one positive test were considered coinfected. The HIV/VL coinfection prevalence we found was 16.9%. We observed large variation in prevalence according to the Leishmania test used, with low coincidence of positive tests. The most frequent symptoms found were weight loss (75.6%), fever (67.6%), and cough (55.3%). When we compared HIV/VL coinfected and HIV mono-infected groups we did not observe statistically significant differences. Low educational level (P = 0.004) and pallor (P = 0.009) were more frequent in the coinfected group. Serum albumin level was higher in coinfected individuals (P = 0.

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Section: Visceral Leishmaniasis In Hiv-infected Patients In Brazilcontrasting

confidence: 60%

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil

Guedes

Medeiros

Silva

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Currently, HVL is one of the most serious public health problems in Brazil, mainly owing to its geographical expansion, especially to nonendemic areas, as well as increased morbidity and mortality 10 , which are directly related to the precarious socioeconomic and health conditions of the population. Therefore, in addition to control measures that have already been implemented, it is necessary to take actions that go beyond the health field, guaranteeing resolution in the face of inequities in access to education, living conditions, food, and livelihoods, as well as providing environmental improvements such that a real impact on the occurrence of HVL is achieved 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and clinical characterization of human visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil between 2006 and 2015

Sousa

Ramalho

Melo

2018

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) primarily occurs in regions that present socioeconomic, health, and environmental vulnerability. In Pernambuco, Brazil, this neglected zoonosis has expanded in magnitude as well as geographically, and efforts to manage HVL have been insufficient to contain its spread. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of human illness due to HVL during 2006 to 2015 in Pernambuco State. Methods: This study was conducted using secondary data collected from the Health Information System. Results: During the study period, Pernambuco accounted for 2.4% of HVL cases in Brazil, with 49.6% of these concentrated in the macroregions of São Francisco Valley and Araripe. The percentage of municipalities that reported cases at the beginning of the study period increased from 21.1% (n = 39) to 43.8% (n = 81) by the end of the period. Cases were found predominantly among males, brown-skinned individuals, children aged 1-4 years, and individuals with incomplete 1 st to 4 th grade education. Coinfection with HIV was present in 5.6% of cases. Incidence was 9.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and lethality was 12.3%. Conclusions: HVL has shown worrying expansion and evolution, in addition to high lethality, in Pernambuco. The only study of its kind in the past decade, it was evident from this study that despite efforts to contain this disease, HVL in Pernambuco exhibits patterns similar to those described in previous studies. Based on our results, we suggest reassessing the current prevention and control measures in the state.

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“…Mesmo diante da redução da prevalência da doença de Chagas em todo o território brasileiro, em decorrência da eliminação do seu principal vetor, o Triatoma infestans, e do controle da transmissão transfusional (segunda via de transmissão em ordem de importância, depois da vetorial), a situação na Região Nordeste brasileira ainda é preocupante, principalmente por três motivos: concentra a maior quantidade de vetores secundários implicados na transmissão da doença, de especial importância o Triatoma brasiliensis, cujos hábitos peridomiciliares dificultam a sua localização, captura e controle químico por inseticidas; a região mantém altos índices de más condições de moradia, apropriados à colonização pelo triatomíneo; as medidas de fiscalização e controle entomológico não têm sido eficazes 1,2 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Nos últimos anos foram desenvolvidos estudos de base populacional que evidenciaram a ocorrência da endemia em diversos estados brasileiros e, principalmente, no Piauí 2,3,4 . O último inquérito sorológico realizado nesse estado, em 2002, entre pessoas residentes na zona rural, mostrou prevalências que chegaram a 11,6% de sororreatividade em algumas localidades, valor superior ao dobro dos valores estimados para o estado em inquérito nacional realizado 20 anos antes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Prevalência da doença de Chagas entre doadores de sangue do Estado do Piauí, Brasil, no período de 2004 a 2013

2018

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Despite the decline in prevalence of Chagas disease in Brazil, the Northeast region of the country has favorable conditions for its resurgence. The study aimed to analyze positive Chagas disease serology rates among blood donors in Piauí State from 2004 to 2013. Prevalence of positive Chagas disease serology in blood donor screening was 1%, ranging from 0.4% in the Uruçuí Regional Health District to 2.4% in the São Raimundo Nonato Regional Health District. Of the state's 220 municipalities, 58.6% reported cases. Only 34.5% of the positive samples in screening were referred for complementary tests, and 84.4% of these showed negative results. Our findings suggest the possibility of persistent vector-borne transmission in areas of Piauí State and the need for measures to improve complementary testing in positive cases detected by screening.

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Epidemiological patterns of mortality due to visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS co-infection in Brazil, 2000–2011

Abstract: VL-HIV/AIDS co-infection is an increasing public health problem in Brazil. The systematic description of the epidemiological characteristics and magnitude of mortality related to VL-HIV/AIDS co-infection reflects the need to intensify control measures and disease surveillance.

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients in Pernambuco, Brazil

Demographic and clinical characterization of human visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil between 2006 and 2015

Prevalência da doença de Chagas entre doadores de sangue do Estado do Piauí, Brasil, no período de 2004 a 2013

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