Epidemiological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enteric Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India – a Seven Year Ambispective Study

Makkar, Anuradha; Gupta, Sudeep; Khan, Inam Danish; Gupta, Rajeev; Rajmohan, KS; Chopra, Harleen; Gupta, Manisha; Bansal, Sachin; Poonia, Bindu; Malik, Muqtadir

doi:10.14712/18059694.2018.130

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Seven studies reported > 5% ceftriaxone resistance. Of these, one study reported 17% (157 strains) resistance using VITEK2 [91], and one study performed agar dilution for all the isolates and reported intermediate resistance (MIC < 2 μg/mL) for 100% (27/27) of the isolates, but ESBL-testing was not performed [92]. The remaining five studies (resistance between 6 and 13%) used Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion testing, and in addition, three of the studies performed MIC testing by agar dilution [46, 88, 93].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Browne

Hamadani

Kumaran

et al. 2020

BMC Med

502

401

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing threat to global health. There are > 14 million cases of enteric fever every year and > 135,000 deaths. The disease is primarily controlled by antimicrobial treatment, but this is becoming increasingly difficult due to AMR. Our objectives were to assess the prevalence and geographic distribution of AMR in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A infections globally, to evaluate the extent of the problem, and to facilitate the creation of geospatial maps of AMR prevalence to help targeted public health intervention.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature by searching seven databases for studies published between 1990 and 2018. We recategorised isolates to allow the analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance trends over the study period. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and fluoroquinolone non-susceptibility (FQNS) in individual studies was illustrated by forest plots, and a random effects meta-analysis was performed, stratified by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) region and 5-year time period. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistics. We present a descriptive analysis of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance.FindingsWe identified 4557 articles, of which 384, comprising 124,347 isolates (94,616 S. Typhi and 29,731 S. Paratyphi A) met the pre-specified inclusion criteria. The majority (276/384; 72%) of studies were from South Asia; 40 (10%) articles were identified from Sub-Saharan Africa. With the exception of MDR S. Typhi in South Asia, which declined between 1990 and 2018, and MDR S. Paratyphi A, which remained at low levels, resistance trends worsened for all antimicrobials in all regions. We identified several data gaps in Africa and the Middle East. Incomplete reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and lack of quality assurance were identified.InterpretationDrug-resistant enteric fever is widespread in low- and middle-income countries, and the situation is worsening. It is essential that public health and clinical measures, which include improvements in water quality and sanitation, the deployment of S. Typhi vaccination, and an informed choice of treatment are implemented. However, there is no licenced vaccine for S. Paratyphi A. The standardised reporting of AST data and rollout of external quality control assessment are urgently needed to facilitate evidence-based policy and practice.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42018029432.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Browne

Hamadani

Kumaran

et al. 2020

BMC Med

502

401

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases is shaped by increasing temperatures and urbanization, which disrupt mosquito micro-ecosystems (Makkar et al, 2018). Urban environments favour vector habitats due to fewer predators, diverse spatial constructs, secluded green areas, polluted water bodies by sewage, and a distributed human host population (Wilke et al, 2019).…”

Section: Urbanisation and Mosquito Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of urbanisation, climate variability, and infectious disease dynamics: insights from the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu

Suresh,

Meraj,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Environ Monit Assess

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change, which encompasses variations in rainfall and temperature patterns, coupled with changes in land use/land cover (LULC), signi cantly impacts both the environment and society. These two factors, climate change and LULC shifts, have markedly affected human health, both directly and indirectly. Monitoring regional climate patterns, LULC changes, and disease outbreaks is crucial to ensure healthy living standards through a sustainable environment. This study investigates the correlation between climate change, LULC change, and the prevalence of infectious diseases transmitted by vectors and waterborne pathogens in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India, from 1985 to 2015. The study used Landsat-4, Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 data to generate LULC maps of the study area. The maximum likelihood algorithm facilitated the creation of these maps and detected changes for the years 1985, 2000, 2009, and 2015. Rainfall and temperature data for the study area were sourced from APHRODITE's Water Resources, and statistical analysis was applied to analyse these time series data. Infectious disease data was obtained from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), and the National Health System Resource Centre. These data were examined to identify trends in the occurrence of infectious diseases. The key ndings of the study include (1) an overall increase in temperature and minor variations in rainfall in the study area during the study period; (2) an evident increase in built-up areas, as depicted by the LULC maps, attributable to industrialisation and population growth; (3) an emergence of dengue during the study period. The increasing patterns of vector-borne and water-borne diseases could be associated with changes in LULC and climate change. Given that the relationship between infectious diseases and their links to climate change and LULC changes has not been extensively researched in the Indian context, this study intends to contribute to a deeper understanding and delineation of future strategies in Coimbatore, India.

show abstract

“…The first major epidemic of multidrug-resistant S. Typhi was reported in Mexico. S. Typhi resistant to chloramphenicol was reported from Britain in 1905 and from India in1972 [4] . Since then, multidrug-resistant strains are endemic in many parts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Utilization Study in Pediatric Patients with Typhoid Fever

Jadav,

Sukharamwala,

Mehta

2023

J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drug utilization study was observational concurrent study in which 75 pediatric patients with culture or serologically proven typhoid fever were enrolled from 5 private children hospitals of Surat region during September to December, 2021. Information like age, sex, weight, treatment history, presenting symptoms, haematological and diagnostic test data, pattern of use of antibiotic including type, route, dose, frequency, duration and response of patient to drug in term of fever clearance time were collected in patient data collection form. The typhoid fever was predominantly found in patients of age between 2 to 10 years. Ceftriaxone was used in 86.6% of patients. Only 18.3% patients had received dose of Ceftriaxone in range recommended by IAP and WHO i.e. between 75-100mg/kg. Rest patients had received drugs like cefixime, azithromycin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin or chloramphenicol alone or in combination. The clinical resistance with ceftriaxone was observed in 6% of patients. Mean fever clearance time with ceftriaxone used as single therapy was found to be 3.30 days, which was not significantly different from that of those patients who received its combination with other drugs. Anemia, moderate thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis were found in 50.7%, 9.3% and 14.7% of patients respectively. The predominant features were fever (100%), anorexia (63.33%) followed by cough (25.33%), abdominal pain (24%) and diarrhea (18.6%). In Surat region, ceftriaxone is commonly used antimicrobial in hospitalized children with typhoid fever. Treatment protocol is not matched with IAP guideline but matched with trend of antibiotic used in another region. Indiscriminate use of drug is one of the important factors leading to drug resistance.

show abstract

Epidemiological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enteric Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India – a Seven Year Ambispective Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Interactions of urbanisation, climate variability, and infectious disease dynamics: insights from the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu

Drug Utilization Study in Pediatric Patients with Typhoid Fever

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About