Epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in the French overseas department Mayotte, 2020 to 2021

Abstract

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, national and local measures were implemented on the island of Mayotte, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean with critical socioeconomic and health indicators. Aim We aimed to describe the COVID-19 outbreak in Mayotte from March 2020 to March 2021, with two waves from 9 March to 31 December 2020 and from 1 January to 14 March 2021, linked to Beta (20H/501Y.V2) variant. Methods To understand and assess the dynamic and the severity of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mayotte, surveillance and investigation/contact tracing systems were set up including virological, epidemiological, hospitalisation and mortality indicators. Results In total, 18,131 cases were laboratory confirmed, with PCR or RAT. During the first wave, incidence rate (IR) peaked in week 19 2020 (133/100,000). New hospitalisations peaked in week 20 (54 patients, including seven to ICU). Testing rate increased tenfold during the second wave. Between mid-December 2020 and mid-January 2021, IR doubled (851/100,000 in week 5 2021) and positivity rate tripled (28% in week 6 2021). SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant (Pangolin B.1.351) was detected in more than 80% of positive samples. Hospital admissions peaked in week 6 2021 with 225 patients, including 30 to ICU. Conclusion This massive second wave could be linked to the high transmissibility of the Beta variant. The increase in the number of cases has naturally led to a higher number of severe cases and an overburdening of the hospital. This study shows the value of a real-time epidemiological surveillance for better understanding crisis situations.

Characteristics and outcomes of SARS-COV 2 critically ill patients after emergence of the variant of concern 20H/501Y.V2: A comparative cohort study

“…For comparison during the peak of wave 1, 54 patients were hospitalized including 8 in ICU in a week. [10] This epidemiological situation could be explained by an increased transmissibility of VOC 20H/501Y.V2 compared to wild lineage. [4]…”

“…For comparison during the peak of wave 1, 54 patients were hospitalized including 8 in ICU in a week. [10] This epidemiological situation could be explained by an increased transmissibility of VOC 20H/501Y.V2 compared to wild lineage. [4] We observed that delay between first signs and hospital admission was increased during wave 2, 7 days (4-9) versus 6 days (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

“…The first wave was the period from the start of the pandemic, that is, March 15, 2020 (W12-2020) to September 27, 2020 (W39-2020); and the second wave was defined from February 01, 2021 (W5-2021 to March 01, 2021 (W9-2021). Wave 2 was considered starting when viral whole genome sequencing results indicated that VOC 20H/501Y.V2 was predominant in Mayotte Island [9,10] as it has been in South Africa. [3] Patients admitted to ICU between these two periods were excluded to avoid risk of overlap between infection by Beta variant and the wild type virus.…”

“…Moreover, in the same period viral whole genome sequencing was performed for 23 critically ill patients: 87% (N = 20) were infected by the 20H/501Y.V2 variant. [9,10] Therefore VOC 20H/501Y.V2 was considered as dominant during the second wave in Mayotte Island. The intensive care unit (ICU) of the Mayotte's Hospital, a 16 beds unit, is the unique structure for critically ill patients on the island.…”

Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna por COVID-19: revisão integrativa

“…Dois artigos evidenciaram as semanas epidemiológicas e os picos de óbito materno no ano de 2020, sendo em um estudo descrito o pico de casos e óbitos entre as semanas epidemiológicas 17 e 30 (NAKAMURA-PEREIRA, et al, 2021). E em outro estudo (LÓPEZ-RODRIGUEZ, et al, 2021) foi destacado que os dois primeiros casos foram registrados na semana epidemiológica 15 de óbito materno, e o pico ocorreu na semana 28, responsável por 17,5% do total de casos de óbito maternos.Outros estudos reforçam os dados encontrados acima, principalmente relacionado aos picos da pandêmica e a primeira onda que se espalhou rapidamente no ano de 2020.O pico de óbitos da COVID-19 proporcional a toda a população ocorreu na semana epidemiológica 18 no ano de 2020, com o alcance de 39%(SUBIROS et al, 2022), fato relatado também em outra pesquisa onde o pico de mortes é descrita nas semanas epidemiológicas 17 a 20 no ano de 2020(ORELLANA et al, 2021)…”