Epidemiological review of childhood cancers in central Sudan

Elhassan, Moawia Mohammed Ali; Mohamedani, Ahmed Abdalla; Yousif, Nada O.; Elhaj, Nafessa M.; Qaddoumi, Ibrahim; Abuidres, Dafalla O.

doi:10.4102/sajo.v2i0.37

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…An interesting observation is the highest incidence of carcinomas and melanomas, among all other diagnostic groups in 2008 (33.9 cases per million). Mandatory coding of diseases for reimbursement purposes using ICD-10 codes started in 2008 in South Africa; this observation may, therefore, reflect less precision in the coding processes in 2008 and not necessarily a high incidence of this diagnostic group because carcinomas in children are relatively rare (Elhassan et al 2018 ). This was confirmed by a reduction in the incidence of carcinomas and melanomas in subsequent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment of infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis and malaria takes precedence in most developing countries and this has led to childhood cancers not regarded as a high priority public health concern (Elhassan et al 2018 ; Slone et al 2018 :1; Stefan et al 2017 ). The paucity of data for comparative studies, which could inform public health decisions, could also contribute to childhood cancers not perceived to be a high priority public health concern (Lam et al 2019 :1182; Stefan 2015a :35).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood cancers in a section of the South African private health sector: Analysis of medicines claims data

Otoo

Lubbe

Steyn

et al. 2020

Health SA Gesondheid

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Background: Although childhood cancers are rare, increases in incidence have been observed in recent times. There is a paucity of data on the current incidence of childhood cancers in South Africa.Aim: This study described the epidemiology of childhood cancers in a section of the private health sector of South Africa, using medicines claims data.Setting: This study was designed on a nationally representative medicine claims database.Method: A longitudinal open-cohort study employing children younger than 19 years and diagnosed with cancers between 2008 and 2017 was conducted using medicine claims data from a South African Pharmaceutical Benefit Management company. Cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes C00 to C97, together with a medicine claim reimbursed from oncology benefits. Crude incidence rates were calculated per million persons younger than 19 years on the database and standardised using the Segi 1960 world population. Temporal trends in incidence rates, analysed using the joinpoint regression, were reported as annual percentage changes (APCs).Results: Overall, 173 new cases of childhood cancers were identified in the database, translating into an age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of 82.3 per million. Annual incidence of cancer decreased from 76.7 per million in 2008 to 58.2 per million in 2017. More incident cases were identified in males (68.8%). The highest proportion of incident cases was recorded for leukaemias (39.9%), the 5–9 year age group (34.1%) and the Gauteng Province (49.7%).Conclusion: The incidence of childhood cancers decreased over time in the section of the private health sector studied. Leukaemias were the major drivers of childhood cancer incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood cancers in a section of the South African private health sector: Analysis of medicines claims data

Otoo

Lubbe

Steyn

et al. 2020

Health SA Gesondheid

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“…Similarly, the most common childhood cancer is leukemia in India [22] and Australia [27]. In other studies, leukemia and retinoblastomas in Namibia [28], leukemia and lymphomas in central Sudan [29], Burkitt lymphoma, retinoblastoma, and Wilms tumor in Northwest Cameroon [30] were reported. In Western Africa, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was the most common in Ghana, in Ivory Coast and Mali [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of childhood Cancer among children attending referral hospitals of outpatient Department in Ethiopia

et al. 2021

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Introduction Childhood cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the pediatrics age group. The problem affects both developed and developing countries. A high mortality rate has been observed in low-income counties. Despite its high fatality rate, less attention has been paid to the problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. For this reason, childhood cancer is not well documented in the study setting. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of childhood cancer in Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study design from January 1, 2019, to March 30, 2019, was conducted in the pediatrics treatment center. A systematic random sampling technique has used to select 1270 children in the pediatric outpatient department. The data were entered using Epi info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. We checked model fitness for the advanced statistical methods, but it was difficult to proceed with logistic regression model to see the association between dependent and explanatory variables because of the unmet x2 assumption. We presented the results by using tables and figures. Results From the total 1270 study participants, 1257 were included in the final analysis provided that a 98.97% response rate. Out of these, 10(0.8%) children were diagnosed with cancer. Regarding its types, two each, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Wilms tumor, Hodgkin lymphoma, and one each non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Parotid cancer, Retinoblastoma, and Breast cancer were reported. The prevalence of childhood cancer was 0.9 and 0.7% among male and female children, respectively. Conclusions Eight children diagnosed with cancer per 1000 children who visited the pediatric outpatient department. Even though childhood cancers have little attention from policymakers, the prevalence of childhood cancer remains prevalent. Therefore, researchers and policymakers shall give special emphasis to childhood cancer.

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“…However, other studies show that urban-rural differences in cancer incidence and trends vary across the world. A study done in Sudan [5] found that about 76% of the Sudanese children diagnosed with cancer lived in rural areas. Another reason for the high frequency of patients coming from the rural regions found in our study, could be that patients in rural areas are often exposed to cancer-associated modi able risks such as HIV, chronic childhood infections, and secondary smoking [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric cancer burden in Namibia, A 10 year retrospective, analytical study of patients admitted at Windhoek Central Hospital

Kaholongo

Mashingaidze-Mano

2022

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Research in Namibia has come a long way over the past two decades. Even so, research in the field of paediatric oncology is still lagging behind. Therefore, this study looked at the pattern of paediatric cancer patient over a ten-year period. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done to analyse the paediatric oncology cases that were admitted to the paediatric oncology unit (ward 8 west) at Windhoek Central Hospital (WCH) between 01 January 2011 and 31 December 2020. The study analysed the files of paediatric patients admitted with a paediatric cancer diagnosis from the age of 0 to 16 years. RESULTS A total of 174 paediatric cancer patient files met the inclusion criteria. Haematopoietic cancers were the most commonly occurring diagnosis of a paediatric cancer type in the study population (44.8%), of which leukaemias were the most common type of haematopoietic cancer. The other types of cancer apart from haematopoietic cancers consisted of embryonal cancers (37.9%), soft tissue and bone sarcomas (13.8%), and brain or CNS cancers (3.4%). The median age at diagnosis was 5.13 years with an age range of 0 to 15 years. HIV exposure had an incidence of 6.4%. CONCLUSIONS Haematopoietic cancers remains the number one most common type in Namibia. However, there has been a change in the ranking of the other childhood cancer subtypes over the last 3 decades. The recommendation is that there be better recordkeeping of cancer patient files to capture important information. For follow-up studies, prospective studies are recommended in the future.

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Epidemiological review of childhood cancers in central Sudan

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Childhood cancers in a section of the South African private health sector: Analysis of medicines claims data

Childhood cancers in a section of the South African private health sector: Analysis of medicines claims data

Prevalence of childhood Cancer among children attending referral hospitals of outpatient Department in Ethiopia

Paediatric cancer burden in Namibia, A 10 year retrospective, analytical study of patients admitted at Windhoek Central Hospital

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