Epidemiological role of novel and already known ‘Ca. P. solani’ cixiid vectors in rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet in Serbia

Kosovac, Andrea; Ćurčić, Živko; Stepanović, Jelena; Rekanović, Emil; Duduk, Bojan

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28562-8

Cited by 10 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Results obtained in the semi-field transmission experiment in Rimski Šančevi, involving R. quinquecostatus sensu Holzinger et al (2003), corroborated the 'Ca. P. solani' vectoring role of this cixiid planthopper in the sugar beet RTD context (Kosovac et al, 2023). The transmission experiment with R. quinquecostatus resulted in 90% Typical leaf RTD symptoms such as loss of turgor, wilting, yellowing, and necrosis, were previously reproduced in laboratory-controlled single-plant experiments using this insect vector, but ruberiness of the taproot had not developed in the test plants, likely because of an optimal watering regime (Kosovac et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. solani' vectoring role of this cixiid planthopper in the sugar beet RTD context (Kosovac et al, 2023). The transmission experiment with R. quinquecostatus resulted in 90% Typical leaf RTD symptoms such as loss of turgor, wilting, yellowing, and necrosis, were previously reproduced in laboratory-controlled single-plant experiments using this insect vector, but ruberiness of the taproot had not developed in the test plants, likely because of an optimal watering regime (Kosovac et al, 2023). However, in the semi-field experiment, 36 out of 40 sugar beet expressed prominent rubbery taproot with or without root rot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species identity of collected males was determined by a specific morphological difference in the anal tube-a distinct process with a left orientation in R. quinquecostatus, but absent in its congeneric species R. panzeri (Holzinger et al, 2003). Genomic DNA was isolated from individual insects using a modified CTAB method (Gatineau et al, 2001), primarily to molecularly determine the identity of sampled females based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) (Bertin et al, 2010;Kosovac et al, 2023). After all 30 representative individuals were identified as R. quinquecostatus sensu Holzinger et al (2003), insects were subjected to 'Ca.…”

Section: Semi-field 'Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani' Transmission Expe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several insect species of the family Cixiidae Duduk et al 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164035 Frontiers in Microbiology 02 frontiersin.org (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) have been identified as vectors of 'Ca. P. solani' (Jović et al, 2019;Kosovac et al, 2023). A particular cixiid planthopper, Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour) sensu Holzinger et al (2003), has recently been revealed as a 'Ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although initially without any rot symptoms, taproots begin to rot after aboveground parts of the plant have declined. As a consequence, some of the taproots completely rot before harvest (Ćurčić et al, 2021b;Kosovac et al, 2023). Among other reported pathogens (Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani), Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (Botryosphaeriaceae) is currently considered the most important root rot fungal pathogen of sugar beet in Serbia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biotroph sets the stage for a necrotroph to play: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection of sugar beet facilitated Macrophomina phaseolina root rot

et al. 2023

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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (stolbur phytoplasma) is associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), while Macrophomina phaseolina is considered the most important root rot pathogen of this plant in Serbia. The high prevalence of M. phaseolina root rot reported on sugar beet in Serbia, unmatched elsewhere in the world, coupled with the notorious tendency of RTD-affected sugar beet to rot, has prompted research into the relationship between the two diseases. This study investigates the correlation between the occurrence of sugar beet RTD and the presence of root rot fungal pathogens in a semi-field ‘Ca. P. solani’ transmission experiment with the cixiid vector Reptalus quinquecostatus (Dufour), in addition to naturally infected sugar beet in the open field. Our results showed that: (i) Reptalus quinquecostatus transmitted ‘Ca. P. solani’ to sugar beet which induced typical RTD root symptoms; (ii) Macrophomina phaseolina root rot was exclusively present in ‘Ca. P. solani’-infected sugar beet in both the semi-field experiment and naturally infected sugar beet; and that (iii) even under environmental conditions favorable to the pathogen, M. phaseolina did not infect sugar beet, unless the plants had been previously infected with phytoplasma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semi-field 'Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani' Transmission Expe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A biotroph sets the stage for a necrotroph to play: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection of sugar beet facilitated Macrophomina phaseolina root rot

et al. 2023

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Prevalence of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’-Related Strain Designated as New 16SrXII-P Subgroup over ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ in Sugar Beet in Eastern Germany

et al. 2023

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Two phloem-limited pathogens, 'Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus' and 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani', threaten sugar beet production in France, Switzerland and Germany. Previous studies of these pathogens in Germany had focused on its western and southern regions, leaving a knowledge gap about eastern Germany. Despite their importance, this study is the first to investigate phytoplasmas in sugar beet in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. A phytoplasma strain related to 'Ca. P. solani' is found predominant in Saxony-Anhalt, unlike in France, where 'Ca. P. solani' has a minor role compared to 'Ca. A. phytopathogenicus'. The phytoplasma strain infecting sugar beet in Saxony-Anhalt was classified into a new subgroup designated as 16SrXII-P. The MLSA of non-ribosomal genes of the novel phytoplasma strain showed that it is significantly different from the reference and all previously reported 'Ca. P. solani' strains including strain from western Germany. Analyses of sugar beet samples from previous years confirmed the presence of the 16SrXII-P strain in sugar beet as early as 2020, and also in Bavaria in southern Germany. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, 'Ca. A. phytopathogenicus' in Saxony-Anhalt is identical to strains in sugar beet in other parts of Germany and France, as well as to a strain in potato from Germany. The presence and prevalence of two phytoplasmas in sugar beet in Germany, suggest that more attention should be directed towards understanding phytoplasma infection in sugar beet in this country.

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Geographical variations, prevalence, and molecular dynamics of fastidious phloem-limited pathogens infecting sugar beet across Central Europe

Duduk,

Stepanović,

Fránová

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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In Europe, two fastidious phloem-limited pathogens, ’Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (16SrXII-A) and ’Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’, are associated with rubbery taproot disease (RTD) and syndrome basses richesses (SBR) of sugar beet, respectively. Both diseases can significantly reduce yield, especially when accompanied by root rot fungi. This study investigates the presence, geographic distribution and genetic traits of fastidious pathogens and the accompanying fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, found on sugar beet across four geographically separated plains spanning seven countries in Central Europe. The survey revealed variable incidences of symptoms linked to these fastidious pathogens in the Pannonian and Wallachian Plains, sporadic occurrence in the North European Plain, and no symptomatic sugar beet in the Bohemian Plain. Molecular analyses unveiled the occurrence of both ’Ca. P. solani’ and ’Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’ throughout Central Europe, with a predominance of the phytoplasma. These fastidious pathogens were detected in all six countries surveyed within the Pannonian and Wallachian Plains, with only a limited presence of various phytoplasmas was found in the North European Plain, while no fastidious pathogens were detected in Bohemia, aligning with observed symptoms. While 16S rDNA sequences of ’Ca. P. solani’ remained highly conserved, multi-locus characterization of two more variable loci (tuf and stamp) unveiled distinct variability patterns across the plains. Notably, the surprising lack of variability of tuf and stamp loci within Central Europe, particularly the Pannonian Plain, contrasted their high variability in Eastern and Western Europe, corresponding to epidemic and sporadic occurrence, respectively. The current study provides valuable insights into the genetic dynamics of ’Ca. P. solani’ in Central Europe, and novel findings of the presence of ’Ca. A. phytopathogenicus’ in five countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria, Serbia, and Romania) and M. phaseolina in sugar beet in Slovakia. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation of vector–pathogen(s)–plant host interactions and ecological drivers of disease outbreaks.

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Epidemiological role of novel and already known ‘Ca. P. solani’ cixiid vectors in rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet in Serbia

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

A biotroph sets the stage for a necrotroph to play: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection of sugar beet facilitated Macrophomina phaseolina root rot

A biotroph sets the stage for a necrotroph to play: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection of sugar beet facilitated Macrophomina phaseolina root rot

Prevalence of a ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’-Related Strain Designated as New 16SrXII-P Subgroup over ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ in Sugar Beet in Eastern Germany

Geographical variations, prevalence, and molecular dynamics of fastidious phloem-limited pathogens infecting sugar beet across Central Europe

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