Epidemiological studies of sleep disorder in educational community of Pakistani population, its major risk factors and associated diseases

Abstract

Sleep is one of the most important functions of the life. The disturbance in sleep or quality of sleep leads to several dysfunctions of the human body. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders, their possible risk factors and their association with other health problems. The data was collected from the educational community of the Pakistani population. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to evaluate the insomnia and the sleep apnea was evaluated through a simple questionnaire method. The blood samples were collected to perform significant blood tests for clinical investigations. Current research revealed that the individuals in the educational community had poor sleep quality. A total of 1998 individuals from the educational community were surveyed, 1584 (79.28%) of whom had a sleep disorders, including insomnia (45.20%) and sleep apnea (34.08%). The measured onset of age for males and females was 30.35 years and 31.07 years respectively. The Clinical investigations showed that the sleep had significant impact on the hematology of the patients. Higher levels of serum uric acid and blood sugar were recorded with a sleep disorder. The individuals of the educational community were using the sleeping pills. The other associated diseases were mild tension, headaches, migraines, depression, diabetes, obesity, and myopia. The use of beverage, bad mood, medical condition, mental stress, disturbed circadian rhythms, workload and extra use of smartphone were major risk factors of sleep disorders. It was concluded that the insomnia was more prevalent than the sleep apnea. Furthermore, life changes events were directly linked with disturbance of sleep. Tension, depression, headaches, and migraine were more associated with sleep disorders than all other health issues.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors For Poor Sleep Quality Amongst Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study

“…Our finding of a high prevalence of psychological stress amongst medical students corresponds well with global literature. Findings from across the world report the same, with studies from Morocco (86.4%) and Pakistan (45.2%), both reporting a high prevalence of academic and psychological stress among medical students [5,19]. It is therefore unfortunately unsurprising thatgiven that stress often predisposes to mental health issuesthe prevalence of stress, depression and anxiety in medical students is significantly higher than that of the general population (approximately 27.2%) [20].…”

Poor sleep quality and associated factors among healthcare professionals at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

“…It is also estimated to be 53% in our country, Ethiopia ( 16 ). As a result, disturbed sleep or interrupted circadian rhythms may also initiate pathological condition in the human body ( 17 ). Additionally, factors including sex ( 18 , 19 ), age ( 18 , 20 , 21 ), shift work ( 15 , 22 – 24 ), coffee consumption ( 13 ), khat chewing ( 25 , 26 ), alcohol consumption ( 20 ), depression ( 27 , 28 ), not engaging in regular exercise ( 29 – 31 ), self-rated health ( 32 ), and extra use of smartphones are also among the most common risk factors of disturbed sleep–wake cycle ( 17 ).…”

Sleep Disturbance and Immunological Consequences of COVID-19

“…14,15 Sleep deprivation also increases the risk of cerebrovascular accidents, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. 16,17 Associated health problems (such as osteoarthritis) have been seen in various sleep disorders (eg., insomnia, restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea). 16,18 In the same way, lack of sleep can significantly negatively impact everyday behaviour and mental health.…”