Epidemiological studies of the Chinese Hamster

Schmidt, F. L.; Leslie, Lauren; Schultz, John R.; Gerritsen, G. C.

doi:10.1007/bf01212222

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In addition, all the ad libitum fed prediabeties died prior to 18 months, while all their 150 day diet-limited siblings survived for just over two years. These observations are consistent with epidemiologieal findings from the Upjohn colony [21,15]. Limitation of diet only during the preweaning period did not alter the development of diabetes, suggesting that diet limitation must persist beyond the weaning age of 24 days.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the initial studies, prediabetie hamsters were switched from 2.5 g/day to non-restricted feeding at 150 days of age. This was done to prove that these animals were actually prediabetie, since it had been shown that Chinese hamsters in the Upjohn colony either develop diabetes by 5 months of age or remain glueosuria-free for life [15,7]. In two subsequent studies, effect of preweaning diet limitation by the fostering technique alone and the effect on the development of diabetes of postweaning diet limitation (2.5 g/day) for 30 months have been evaluated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of diet limitation on the development of diabetes in prediabetic Chinese hamsters

et al. 1974

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Prediabetic Chinese hamsters born of two ketonurie diabetic parents were hyperphagic from birth. Carcass lipids and total solids were increased but plasma and pancreatic insulin were not, suggesting that hyperphagia was not due to hyperinsulinism, ttyperphagia was controlled by diet limitation of prediabetie pups. Diet limitation for the weaning period only did not alter development, of diabetes, but diet limitation for the first 150 days significantly reduced onset and severity. These 150 day diet-limited prediabeties were switched to nonrestricted feeding and subsequently developed mild diabetes. Prediabetie siblings, fed ad libitum, developed glucosuria and ketonuria, and died prematurely compared with diet-limited siblings. Prediabeties limited to a normal food intake for 30 months have remained essentially elinicM]y normal. The data strongly suggest that appetite control mechanisms are abnormal prior to clinical signs of diabetes in the prediabetic Chinese hamster and that control of hyperphagia will retard and ameliorate the course of diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diet limitation on the development of diabetes in prediabetic Chinese hamsters

et al. 1974

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“…Consequently, there are advantages to an epidemiological study concerned primarily with longevity in a spontaneously diabetic animal since life span is relatively short compared with man's and major environmental factors, as well as nutrition, can be controlled. The Chinese hamster appears to be well suited for this approach since it develops diabetes similar to man [5,6] and has a relatively short life span, maximum 4 years, which is reduced by diabetes [7,8]. In addition, retinopathy [9,10,11], nephropathy [10,11,12,13] and neuropathy [14,15] are associated with diabetes in this animal as well as histologie changes in the pancress [16,17] similar to those of man.…”

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Epidemiology of Chinese hamsters and preliminary evidence for genetic heterogeneity of diabetes

et al. 1974

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Two populations of Chinese hamsters have been produced. The nondiabetic population was from nondiabetic parents and the diabetic-producing population was from diabetic parents. Both populations had fixed reproducible genetic background since dams and sires were from inbred sublines. Sixty percent of males, but only 37~o of females, born to diabetic parents developed diabetes.-Life span for males was nondiabeties > mild diabetics > ketonurie diabetics. ]~esults for females were equivocal. Mortality of severe ketonuric diabetics appears to be related to urinary tract involvement. Survival appears to be rela~ed to abnormal metabolism, not genotype. On the basis of available data males appear more suitable for epidemiological studies on the incidence, onset, and severity of diabetes, on the evaluation of treatment of the disease, and on the longevity of diabetics.-Data on crossing diabetics from different sublines suggest that diabetic Chinese hamsters can have different genotypes.

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“…i.a. bereits innerhalb der ersten 4 Lebenswochen --auftretende Hyperglyk/imie und Glykosurie [20,38]. Die Krankheit verl/~uft progredient, die Lebensdauer dieser Hamster ist sowohl nach eigenen Beobaehtungen als aueh Mitteflungen anderer Autoren [38] gegeniiber gesunden Tieren deutlieh herabgesetzt.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…bereits innerhalb der ersten 4 Lebenswochen --auftretende Hyperglyk/imie und Glykosurie [20,38]. Die Krankheit verl/~uft progredient, die Lebensdauer dieser Hamster ist sowohl nach eigenen Beobaehtungen als aueh Mitteflungen anderer Autoren [38] gegeniiber gesunden Tieren deutlieh herabgesetzt. Trotz der in vielen F/~llen erhebliehen StoffweehselstSrung --70% der diabetischen Streffenh~mster scheiden KetonkSrl0er im Harn aus --kSnnen die meisten Tiere aber fiber viele Monate ohne Behandlung bei befriedigendem Allgemeinzustand gehalten werden.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Insulinfreisetzende Wirkung von Glymidin-Natrium (Glykodiazin), Isopropylnoradrenalin, Glucagon und Theophyllin an chinesischen Streifenhamstern mit spontanem oder streptozotocininduziertem Diabetes mellitus

Loge¹,

Losert²,

Jahn³

1973

Res. Exp. Med.

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Influence on Serum Insulin Concentration of Sodium Glymidine (Glykodiazine), Isopropylnorepinephrine, Glucagon and Theophylline in Chinese H a m s t e r s with Spontaneous or S t r e p t o z o t o c i n -I n d u c e d Diabetes mellitusSummary. Spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters are characterized by a lack of insulin caused by a degeneration of the pancreatic fl-cells resulting in disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (hyperglycemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, increase of gluconeogenesis as demonstrated by an increase of liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity, increase of serum free fatty acid concentration).The reduced sensitivity of the fl-cells of spontaneously diabetic hamsters to stimulation by glucose could not be improved by a high dose of sodium glymidine (250 mg]kg, orally), whereas tip. application of glucagon (0.3 mg]kg), isopropylnorepinephrine (0.5 mg]kg), or theophylline (100 mg]kg) resulted in a partially higher increase of serum insulin than in normal animals. The effect of lower doses of glucagon (0.003 mg/kg) or isopropylnorepinephrine (0.03 mg/kg) was reduced or abolished. In hamsters with streptezotocin-induced diabetes i.p. injection of 100 mg/kg theophylline only provoked a small increase of serum insulin.These results allow the following conclusions: 1. The insulin releasing effect of antidiabetie sulfonylurea and sulfonylpyrimidine compounds does not seem to be mediated by adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate. 2. There are principle differences between the hereditary and experimentally induced fl-cell lesion in Chinese hamsters. 3. There is some evidence for a reduced sensitivity of the fl-cell adenylate cyclase system to hormonal stimuli in spontaneously diabetic animals. Effekt/~-eytotroper Substanzen bei chinesisehen Streifenhamstern 293Zusam~ne~]assung. Bei spontandiabetisehen chinesisehen Streifenhamstern besteht ein auf einer fl-Zelldegeneration beruhender Insulinmangel mit den sieh d~raus ffir den Kohlenhydrat-und Fettstoffweehsel ergebenden Konsequenzen (Hyperglyk~mie, pathologisehe Glucosetoleranz, ErhShung der Gluconeogenese --u.a. erkennbar an einem Anstieg der Glucose-6-phosphatase-Aktivit~t in der Leber --, Anstieg der Konzentration freier Fetts~uren im Serum).Die stark herabgesetzte Ansprechbarkei~ der ~-Zellen auf Glucose konnte durch eine hohe Dosis Glymidin-Natrium (250 mg/kg, p.o.) nieht verbesser~ werden, w~h-rend nach i.p. Applikation yon Glucagon (0,3 mg/kg), Isopropylnoradrenalin (0,5 mg/kg) oder Theophyllin (100 mg/kg) ein z.T. noeh st~rkerer Ans~ieg der Insulinkonzentration im Serum auftrat als bei gesunden Tieren. Der insulinfreisetzende Effekt geringerer Dosen yon Glueagon (0,003 mg/kg) oder Isopropylnoradrenalin (0,03 mg/kg) war bei spontandiabetisehen Tieren abgesehw~cht oder aufgehoben. Bei streptozotocin-diabetischen Hamstern fiihrten selbst 100 mg]kg Theophyllin nur zu einer geringen Erh6hung des Seruminsulins.Diese Befunde erlauben folgende Schlul3folgerungen: 1. Der fl-eytotrope Effekt yon Glymidin-Natrium und anderen Sulfonylaminoverbindungen wird...

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Epidemiological studies of the Chinese Hamster

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of diet limitation on the development of diabetes in prediabetic Chinese hamsters

Effect of diet limitation on the development of diabetes in prediabetic Chinese hamsters

Epidemiology of Chinese hamsters and preliminary evidence for genetic heterogeneity of diabetes

Insulinfreisetzende Wirkung von Glymidin-Natrium (Glykodiazin), Isopropylnoradrenalin, Glucagon und Theophyllin an chinesischen Streifenhamstern mit spontanem oder streptozotocininduziertem Diabetes mellitus

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