Epidemiological Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Youth Female Athletes in Kuwait

Abstract

Background:The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is likely to be higher in athletic populations and groups, especially in younger female athletes, than in healthy sedentary individuals.Aim: of this study is to determine the magnitude of this problem among athletes and identify their different dietary habits.Subjects and Methods: Across sectional study was done. The sample included 150 female players from the female clubs in Kuwait where almost all types of sports activity are practiced at level of national competition. Using structured assisted questionnaire with laboratory investigations.Results: Fifty five percent of anemic group were non-Kuwaiti, with a statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference between the anemic, iron deficient and normal groups regarding the marital status and occupation, dietary pattern and habits as intake of tea and soft drinks. There were highly statistical significant differences between the three studied groups regarding blood hemoglobin (Hb), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and Serum ferritin. Conclusion:A significant relation between dietary habits of female athlete. Also the logistic regression analysis reveals that increased number of soft drinks and tea drinks per day is significantly associated with high probability of having anemia. Women with increased consumption of soft drinks per day and those with high tea consumption per day are more than two times at higher risk of anemia (OR=2.34 and 2.17 respectively). On the other hand, Kuwaiti nationality, increased duration of practicing sport and increased frequency of eating breakfast in the last month subjects are significantly associated with lower probability of having anemia (OR=0.14, 0.74 and 0.17 respectively).

Kualitas diet berhubungan dengan defisiensi besi pada atlet remaja putri

“…Terjadinya defisiensi besi pada atlet remaja putri dapat disebabkan karena adanya peningkatan kehilangan besi (Iron loss), kekurangan asupan besi dan menstruasi (Saleh et al, 2018). Iron loss dapat terjadi karena peningkatan kehilangan darah melalui urin, peningkatan pengeluaran keringat, penurunan aliran darah pada sistem gastrointestinal yang menyebabkan pendarahan gastrointestinal dan respon inflamasi karena latihan fisik.…”

“…Iron loss dapat terjadi karena peningkatan kehilangan darah melalui urin, peningkatan pengeluaran keringat, penurunan aliran darah pada sistem gastrointestinal yang menyebabkan pendarahan gastrointestinal dan respon inflamasi karena latihan fisik. Latihan fisik atau aktivitas olahraga dapat menyebabkan inflamasi akut sehingga sitokin proinflamasi khususnya interleukin-6 akan menginduksi produksi dan sekresi hepsidin, peningkatan hepsidin menyebabkan peningkatan internalisasi dan degradasi ferroportin serta retensi besi, hal tersebut berdampak pada rendahnya ketersediaan besi di dalam tubuh (Sandström et al, 2012a;Clénin et al, 2015;Saleh et al, 2018) Proses menstruasi pada seorang perempuan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan darah 30-50 ml/bulan dan kehilangan besi sekitar 12-15 mg/bulan (Kristianti et al, 2014). Asupan besi yang kurang berdampak pada kadar serum feritin yang rendah.…”