Epidemiological Study of Mammary Tumors in Female Dogs Diagnosed during the Period 2002-2012: A Growing Animal Health Problem

Salas, Yaritza; Márquez, Arístide; Díaz, Daniel; Laura, Romero

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127381

Cited by 193 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

148

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is attributed to the high activity of the mammary glands to hormonal stimuli, such as estrogen, in addition to having a greater amount of parenchyma to be stimulated [18]. Our data reinforce that there is a relationship of tumor size with a higher malignancy grade and with a worse prognosis [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The mean of age was 9.3 years old, whose bitches were not castrated, four of them had at least one gestation and two received an injectable contraceptive. Based on this, it is possible to emphasize that these factors contribute to a greater risk of development of breast tumor in old bitches, not castrated and before or after puberty, as well as the use of contraceptives based on progesterone and estrogen [12,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CD4+, CD8+, FoxP3+ and HSP60+ Expressions in Cellular Infiltrate of Canine Mammary Carcinoma in Mixed Tumor

Lopes-Neto

Souza

Bouty

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cancer is a complex process that receive many influences of the tumor microenvironment. The participation of immune system cells and proteins in tumor microenvironment is not yet completely understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the infiltrate cellular, subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and HSP60 of canine mammary carcinoma in mixed tumor (CMCMT). Materials, Methods & Results:Female dogs (n = 20) were selected after Canine mammary tumor (CMT) diagnosis and data were achieved throughout clinical-pathological information. Clinical staging was evaluated and tumor biopsies were processed by histology and cellular infiltrate was performed according criteria and grade. Survival curve were generated by Kaplan-Meier and the lymphocytic infiltrate were compared by Log-Rank followed Chi-Square χ². For immunolabeling it was used anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-FoxP3 and HSP60 monoclonal antibodies and were attributed scores from 0 to 3. Clinical-pathological relationship was analyzed using Spearman correlation. This study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research using Animals (CEUA-UECE), protocol 12247080-2. Our data showed a mean age of 9.3 years-old, the size of tumors presented more than 5 cm (50%), which were located in inguinal mammary glands (70%), and CMTs shows I (70%) and II (30%) grade. The cellular infiltrate was distributed both in peri and intratumoral regions, dispersed multifocally with moderate intensity and lymphocytes were the major populations found into tumors (n = 826 ± 220). In relationship to cellular infiltrate with CMT grade it was observed that lymphocytes (ρ = 0.28) and plasma cells (ρ = 0.22) showed a slight positive correlation, and an opposed negative correlation of neutrophils (ρ = -0.1) and macrophages (ρ = -0.38). CMT presents moderate lymphocytic infiltrate (< 800 lymphocytes), shows higher (P = 0.01) survival rates as compared to intense lymphocytic infiltrate (≥ 800 lymphocytes). FoxP3+ showed lower intensity while CD4+ and CD8+ expression were concentrated surrounding of lymphocytic infiltrate tumor region. HSP60+ was observed in the inflammatory and tumor cells. Discussion: Our data are according to a greater risk to the development of breast tumor in old bitches, not castrated and before or after puberty, as well as the use of contraceptives based on progesterone and estrogen. In relation to size of tumor, these findings reinforce that there is a relationship of tumor size with a higher malignancy grade and with a worse prognosis. The predominant tumor location was in the inguinal breasts that is attributed to the high activity of the mammary glands to hormonal stimuli. CMT with low clinical staging are associated with greater overall survival of affected bitches. In relation to tumor microenvironment, it has been reported that heterogeneous populations of the immune system cells often infiltrate the mammary tumors, whose lymphocytes are the main cells. It is suggested that tumor lymphocytosis may be necessary for malignant behavior of the tumo...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4+, CD8+, FoxP3+ and HSP60+ Expressions in Cellular Infiltrate of Canine Mammary Carcinoma in Mixed Tumor

Lopes-Neto

Souza

Bouty

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some breeds of dogs exhibit increased predilection for development of certain types of cancer (Dobson 2013). As reported by Salas et al (2015), besides poodles and spaniels, German Shepherd females are characterised by an increased risk of occurrence of mammary tumours. Also according to Surdyka and Slaska (2016a, b), German Shepherd-type females constitute more than 30% of various breeds of dogs with diagnosed mammary tumours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has been observed that 50% of dogs that have lived up to 10 years die of cancers (Davis and Ostrander 2014). Tumours afflict all dog breeds, with a particularly high incidence in German Shepherd dogs (Jasik and Reichert 2015, Kaldrymidou et al 2015, Salas et al 2015, Treggiari et al 2015, Surdyka and Slaska 2016a. This breed has been found to be susceptible to malignant vascular tumours with angiosarcoma features located in internal organs (Treggiari et al 2015), osteosarcomas (Dobson 2013), skin cancers (Jasik andReichert 2015, Kaldrymidou et al 2015), and mammary cancers (Salas et al 2015, Surdyka andSlaska 2016a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Molecular Changes in the ND4 Gene in German Shepherd Dog Tumours

Ślaska

Grzybowska‐Szatkowska

Bugno‐Poniewierska

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was to identify polymorphisms and mutations in the mitochondrial ND4 gene and to analyse the associations between the occurrence of molecular changes in mtDNA and phenotypic traits in tumours in German Shepherd dogs. Fifty samples obtained from blood and tumour tissues of German Shepherd dogs with diagnosed tumours were analysed. DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the mtDNA ND4 gene, and bioinformatics, statistical, and in silico protein coding SNP analyses were performed. ND4 mutations and/or polymorphisms were noted in eleven nucleotide positions in nearly half of the examined dogs. All the changes were substitution mutations. A majority of the changes identified were homoplasmic. In one dog with osteosarcoma, blood heteroplasmy was detected. In two positions of the ND4 gene, presence of non-synonymous mutations leading to amino acid changes in the ND4 protein was reported. Analyses carried out to determine the deleterious effect of mutations indicated an almost 97 and 62% probability that a single amino acid substitution (p.G239V and p.I401T, respectively) in the protein has a negative impact on its function. The results of statistical analyses indicate a significant association between the occurrence of mutations in three loci of the ND4 gene and the location of tumours. The mutations identified may be a result of cell adaptation to the changes in the environment occurring during carcinogenesis. The high frequency of mutations in the tumours may indicate genetic instability of mtDNA, which may also play a role in carcinogenesis.

show abstract

“…Mammary gland tumours are the most frequent tumours in female dogs as in women, corresponding to 52% of all types of tumours, in which half of those are malignant. [1][2][3] Mammary tumours in both species have similar biological features; thus, canine cancers and cell lines are excellent experimental models for comparative development of new therapies, identification of cancer-associated genes and pathways and understanding of cancer biology and progression. 4 Tumorigenicity and invasiveness are important acquired characteristics for the development and progression of cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZEB1 and ZEB2 transcription factors are potential therapeutic targets of canine mammary cancer cells

Xavier

Cordeiro

Rochetti

et al. 2018

Vet Comparative Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mammary tumours are the most frequent in female dogs as in women and half are malignant. Tumorigenicity and invasiveness are important acquired characteristics for the development and progression of cancers and could be regulated by transcription factors associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as ZEB1, ZEB2, SNAI1, SLUG and STAT3. Thus, here, we evaluate the expression of EMT-associated transcription factors in canine mammary cancer (CMC) cell lines characterized for invasiveness and tumorigenicity to determine if these could be considered good targets for future development of therapies. Five CMC cell lines were characterized regarding their morphology, doubling time and expression of intermediate and actin filaments. In addition, gene expression of SLUG, STAT3, ZEB1, ZEB2 and CDH1, tumorigenicity and invasiveness were assessed. Two of these cells presented an epithelial-like morphology (E20 and E37) and three a mesenchymal-like morphology (M5, M25 and CF41.Mg). M25 and CF41.Mg presented higher invasiveness. Furthermore, only mesenchymal-like cells formed tumorspheres and CF41.Mg made more and larger tumorspheres. The mesenchymal-like cells are more malignant than the epithelial-like cells being the CF41.Mg the most malignant. This cell presented higher ZEB1 and ZEB2 and lower CDH1 gene expression. Finally, our results revealed that there is a positive correlation between ZEBs and the tumorsphere number and size. In conclusion, these findings support ZEB1 and ZEB2 as potential therapeutic targets for CMC cells, demonstrating a great potential of canine models for comparative and translational studies.

show abstract

Epidemiological Study of Mammary Tumors in Female Dogs Diagnosed during the Period 2002-2012: A Growing Animal Health Problem

Cited by 193 publications

References 17 publications

CD4+, CD8+, FoxP3+ and HSP60+ Expressions in Cellular Infiltrate of Canine Mammary Carcinoma in Mixed Tumor

CD4+, CD8+, FoxP3+ and HSP60+ Expressions in Cellular Infiltrate of Canine Mammary Carcinoma in Mixed Tumor

Relevance of Molecular Changes in the ND4 Gene in German Shepherd Dog Tumours

ZEB1 and ZEB2 transcription factors are potential therapeutic targets of canine mammary cancer cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About