Epidemiological study of naturally occurring bovine rotavirus infection in organized dairy farms, India

Abstract

An epidemiological study was conducted for detection of rotavirus by antigen ELISA kit in dairy calves from Central India (Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh states) and North India (Uttar Pradesh state). Different epidemiological parameters like age, sex, parity, colour and consistency of faecal materials and seasonal changes in a year were recorded. A total of 816 faecal samples were screened and out of which 41 (5.02%) animals were found to be positive for rotavirus A. The higher prevalence was recorded in North India followed by Central India. Age-wise higher prevalence was recorded in calves under 1 month of age. Significantly (p < 0.05) high prevalence was noticed in male calves compared to female calves. Seasonally, the prevalence of RVA infection was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in winter season and in first parity of calves as compared to other season and parity. Prevalence of Rotavirus infection was higher in pasty yellow colour faecal materials than watery diarrhoea. The observations of the present study would provide the basis for further an effective explorative surveillance and epidemiological studies to know the real impact of rotavirus infection with associated risk factors in dairy calves of India.

Epidemiological study of Rotavirus infection in the diarrheic neonatal calves

“…Relationship between seasonal variations and rate of Rotavirus infection was studied and found that the percentage of infection was signi cantly higher in cold months (22.67%) than warm and hot months (7.27%). Similar results were reported by [4,8,11]. In Egypt, most calving occurs at the end of autumn and beginning of winter in which these neonatal calves are more susceptible to Rotavirus infection.…”

“…Increased risk of Rotavirus infection during cold months may be attributed to the increased survivability of virus at low relative humidity and temperature. Additionally, the titer of immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgM and IgG in colostrum which act as protective factor against such infection in calves was decreased in autumn, winter and increased during spring, summer [4,8].…”

“…However, there are many pathogens were implicated as pathogens-causing enteritis in neonatal calves. Enteric viral infections particularly Rotavirus and Coronavirus infection cause acute viral enteritis [3,4]. Rotavirus is more prevalent (P>0.01) than Coronavirus [5].…”

Clinical Study with Rapid Serological Detection of Rotavirus Infection in Diarrheic Neonatal Calves

“…Enormous pathogens were incriminated as an etiologic agent of neonatal calves' enteritis. Rotavirus occupied the second grad of calves' enteropathogens following Escherichia coli causing intestinal villous atrophy ensuing malabsorption and maldigestion of the infected cases [2][3][4].…”

Epidemiological Study of Rotavirus Infection in the Diarrheic Neonatal Calves

“…However, there are many pathogens were implicated as pathogens-causing enteritis in neonatal calves. In enteric calves, co-infection is observed frequently, but a single etiology can also be the cause in some cases [4]. The prevalence of each pathogen may vary from farm to farm and region to region, based on herd size, age, sex, breed, season and animal hus-bandry practices [4].…”