Epidemiological study on human, cattle and rodent leptospirosis in South Gujarat region of India

Abstract

Background: Surat district and neighbouring districts like Valsad, Navsari in South Gujarat region are considered as an endemic area for leptosprirosis. Types of leptospira serovars are depend on geographical area so it was important to find serovars which are predominant in humans, cattle and environment (soil, water) of this area. So aim of the study was to establish the transmission cycle of leprospirosis in this area by Isolation techniques and serology.Material and Methods: 207 human, 92 rodent and 258 animal blood samples were subjected to PCR, MAT test and culture in EMJH media. In addition, 550 animal urine, 7 rodent urine, 19 animal kidney and 571 rodent kidney were also tested by PCR.Results: Out of total 207 suspected cases, 161 samples were positive by MAT and 94(45%) positive by Real time PCR. 51(24%) samples were positive by MAT and PCR both tests. In cattle and rodent, 65 and 9 serum samples were positive by MAT test for leptospirosis. Predominant serovars observed in human cases, cattle and rodents were L. Autumnalis, L. Canicola, L. Pomona and L. Icterohaemorrahgiae. Conclusion:The current study reveals the presence of common leptospiral serovars, Autumnalis and Pomona infecting man, animals, and rodents, by serology and isolation. Hence this study reiterates the need for a strong and highly detailed control program for leptospirosis in this region, which should begin from the rodents and encompass the domestic animals as well.

Carrier status and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle of South Andaman

“…Generally, cattle are considered as the maintenance host of leptospira and also a potential source of infection to the other animals and human (Ellis, 1994). Various reports of seroprevalence of leptospirosis among cattle are available from different parts of the India (Srivatava et al, 2003, Patel et al, 2014, Panwala and Mulla, 2015, Balamurgan et al, 2013. In A&N Islands also the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among cattle and goat has been reported (Jeyakumar et al, 2002, Sunder et al, 2005, 2014, Sharma et al, 2014, 2006.…”

Animal disease surveillance

“… Seroprevalence of bovine (cattle and buffalo) leptospirosis in different States/UTs of India in the last decade depicted State-wise using QGIS software (Version 2.18.0, QGIS.org, http://www.qgis.org ). Source : Refs 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 . …”