Epidemiological surveillance of Leishmaniasis in Montenegro, 1992-2013

Medenica, Sanja; Jovanović, Svetlana; Dožić, Ivan; Miličić, Biljana; Lakićević, Novak; Rakočević, Božidarka

doi:10.2298/sarh1512707m

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To ensure homogeneous analysis between groups, mean age of recruited individuals was similar, with no significant statistical differences. Most patients were male, like other study involving leishmaniasis infections, in which peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of 11 men and 1 woman infected with L. braziliensis was analysed by flow cytometry . Besides, the higher proportion of male to female patients was previously demonstrated in Leishmania epidemic areas .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Dual immune effect of iNKT cells considering human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: An example of cell plasticity according to different disease scenarios

et al. 2018

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Although the semi-invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) are a small subpopulation of cells in the peripheral blood, they are presumed to play a role in early stages of infection against various pathogens, including protozoa. This work investigates the activation status and cytokine profile of iNKT cells during human Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis infection. We studied iNKT cells in patients with symptomatic active visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) (n = 8), patients with symptomatic active cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) (n = 13), negative endemic controls (NEC) (n = 6) and non-endemic controls (NonEC) (n = 6), with and without total Leishmania antigen stimulus (TLA). The number of iNKT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with ACL and AVL unaltered in relation to control groups. Moreover, the iNKT cells from ACL showed a hyperactivation profile compared to patients with AVL. Additionally, TLA induced IFN-gamma production in iNKT cells from patients with ACL, while in iNKT of patients with AVL, TLA induced a decrease in this cytokine. Higher IL-17 and IL-10 production by iNKT cells from patients with ACL were also observed compared to all other groups. There were no changes in iNKT IL-10-producing cells in AVL after TLA stimulation. However, TLA induced increase in IL-10 in iNKT cells in patients with ACL. These findings suggest that, although iNKT cells showed distinct profiles in patients with ACL and AVL, they play a dual role in immune modulation in both Leishmania infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Dual immune effect of iNKT cells considering human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: An example of cell plasticity according to different disease scenarios

et al. 2018

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“…Additionally, the prevalence of male individuals is unanimous in VL studies mainly because of the association of testosterone and genetic factors with susceptibility to VL [ 21 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Pancytopenia, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly are considered the main clinical criteria for the classification of VL, and these parameters were observed in all patients evaluated [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Regulatory T Cells in Patients Infected by Leishmania Infantum

et al. 2022

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High IL-10 levels are pivotal to parasite survival in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Antigenic stimuli induce IL-10 expression and release of adenosine by CD39/CD73. Due their intrinsic ability to express IL-10 and produce adenosine from extracellular ATP, we evaluated the IL-10, CD39, and CD73 expression by Regulatory T cells (Treg) correlated with VL pathology. Using flow cytometry, Treg cells was analyzed in peripheral blood samples from VL patients (in the presence and absence of Leishmania infantum soluble antigen (SLA)) and healthy individuals (negative endemic control—NEC group), without any treatment. Additionally, IL-10 levels in leukocytes culture supernatant were measured in all groups by ELISA assay. VL patients presented more Treg frequency than NEC group, independently of stimulation. ELISA results demonstrated that SLA induced higher IL-10 expression in the VL group. However, the NEC group had a higher Treg IL-10+ compared to the VL group without stimulation and SLA restored the IL-10 in Treg. Additionally, an increase in Treg CD73+ in the VL group independently of stimuli compared to that in the NEC group was observed. We suggest that Treg are not the main source of IL-10, while the CD73 pathway may be an attempt to modulate the exacerbation of immune response in VL disease.

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“…Several studies report positive results in a serological survey of dogs, mostly in rural areas of Albania [ 25 , 26 ]. As for Montenegro and Croatia, it is well known that the Adriatic coast is endemic for leishmaniosis, which was proven in the last decade [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In addition, Phlebotomus neglectus , a confirmed vector for L. infantum , was identified in the coastal regions of Croatia and Montenegro [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Survey of Dirofilaria and Leishmania Species in Dogs from Central Balkan

Otašević

Savić

Jurhar-Pavlova

et al. 2022

Animals

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Dirofilariosis and leishmaniosis are severe parasitic diseases in dogs, and their causative agents can also be pathogenic to humans. In this study, we conducted a multicentric survey in the regions of Serbia and North Macedonia with the goal to establish an epidemiological scenario of dirofilariosis and leishmaniosis in the territory of Central Balkan. Using molecular analyses, a total of 535 dogs from Northern Serbia (NS), Southern Serbia (SS) and North Macedonia (NM) were screened for the presence of Dirofilaria spp. and Leishmania spp. We confirmed that Central Balkan is an endemic region for Dirofilaria (D.) immitis, as it was found to be the dominant species in this area, with the highest prevalence of 8.75% in NM, followed by NS (6.68%) and a significantly lower prevalence in SS (1.51%). Two dogs (2.5%) from NM were positive for Leishmania (L.) infantum infection. None of the dogs from Serbia tested positive for Leishmania spp. High prevalence and dominance of D. immitis species, and the rising threat of L. infantum spread to the territory of Serbia, suggest that preventive measures are of a great necessity to combat the spread of these vector-borne zoonoses.

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Epidemiological surveillance of Leishmaniasis in Montenegro, 1992-2013

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Dual immune effect of iNKT cells considering human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: An example of cell plasticity according to different disease scenarios

Dual immune effect of iNKT cells considering human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis: An example of cell plasticity according to different disease scenarios

Characterization of Regulatory T Cells in Patients Infected by Leishmania Infantum

Molecular Survey of Dirofilaria and Leishmania Species in Dogs from Central Balkan

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