Epidemiological Survey for &lt;i&gt;Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamydia&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;psittaci&lt;/i&gt; var. &lt;i&gt;ovis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium paratuberculosis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Coxiella burnetii&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; spp., Leptospirosis and Orf Virus among Sheep from Northern Districts of Japan

Giangaspero, Massimo; Bonfini, Barbara; Orusa, Riccardo; Savini, Giovanni; Osawa, Takeshi; Harasawa, Ryô

doi:10.1292/jvms.12-0384

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Another group consists of incidental infections caused by strains carried by other animals (domestic or wild) and are more dependent of environmental factors and management practices, what facilitates the contact of the animal with the urine of the reservoirs of the bacterium (Ellis, ). This last group frequently presents as outbreaks, as has been recently described for serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae in small ruminants (Martins et al., ; Giangaspero et al., ). Although maintenance hosts and the serovars they carry vary throughout the world, a basic knowledge of serovars and their maintenance hosts is important to a better understanding of the epidemiology of leptospirosis in a determined region (Chappel and Smythe, ; Desvars et al., ; Martins et al., ; Miraglia et al., ).…”

Section: Leptospirosis In Cattlementioning

confidence: 66%

Leptospirosis in Cattle: A Challenging Scenario for the Understanding of the Epidemiology

Lilenbaum

Martins

2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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All over the world, leptospirosis has been reported as one of the major causes of reproductive failure in cattle and other ruminants, determining abortions, stillbirth, weak newborns and decrease in their growth rate and milk production. Nevertheless, despite its importance, it is still a challenging disease, from what scarce information about epidemiology, prophylaxis and control is available nowadays. During the last decades of the last century, many epidemiological studies have been conducted in several countries, mainly based on serology. According to those studies, a seroepidemiological scenario has been stated for different regions, where different serovars were reported for cattle. Nevertheless, a huge problem is that, when efforts are made in order to increase the collection of local strains (isolates), it has been demonstrated that the scenario that emerges from those studies contrasts with those previously determined by serology. Despite the large number of serological studies worldwide, the number of isolates is scarce. Isolation technique is a very delicate procedure that needs no contamination, fast processing and long delay to produce a positive result, what may corroborate to the lack of information for the comparison between serology versus bacteriological data, mainly in developing countries. It is noteworthy that the epidemiological scenario now acknowledged may not represent what really occurs in many parts of the world, particularly on those tropical regions where the disease is endemic. Consequently, the current knowledge about epidemiology and control, as well as the available diagnostic tools and the commercial vaccines, may not be adequate for those regions, what leads to a frustrating scenario of endemicity and difficulties on the control of the disease. Without a huge effort in the culturing of local strains, besides the advances on molecular typing, leptospirosis will not be defeated and will probably remain endemic in the developing countries, leading to important economic hazards in animal production and risks to public health in those regions.

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Section: Leptospirosis In Cattlementioning

confidence: 66%

Leptospirosis in Cattle: A Challenging Scenario for the Understanding of the Epidemiology

Lilenbaum

Martins

2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…On the other hand, in Cairo, Giza, and El-Fayum Governorates, the Q fever seroprevalence was higher than that reported for sheep and lower for goats in the present study [ 15 ]. In other countries, Q fever seroprevalence was 23.7 and 33.9% [ 16 , 17 ], respectively in Iranian sheep, 22.4% in Iranian goats [ 17 ], 8.67% in Japan [ 18 ] and 20% in Turkey [ 19 ] in sheep.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveQ fever is a febrile illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) and is transmitted to humans from small ruminants via contaminated secreta and excreta of infected animals. This pathogen threatens public health; however, little is known regarding Q fever prevalence in humans and small ruminants. Therefore, we employed a cross-sectional design to determine the Q fever seroprevalence and the associated risk factors in small ruminants and their owners in El Minya Governorate, Egypt between August 2016 and January 2017.ResultsThe seroprevalence of C. burnetii IgG antibodies was 25.68% (28 of 109), 28.20% (11 of 39) and 25.71% (9 of 35) in sheep, goats, and humans, respectively. None of the studied variables in small ruminants differed significantly between the seropositive and seronegative animals. There was a significantly higher prevalence (P = 0.0435) and increased odds of exposure was also observed among women (odds ratio, OR = 5.43 (95% CI 1.058–27.84) when compared to men; nevertheless, no significant difference was noted between the infection rate in small ruminants and humans. This study clearly points out that Q fever may be emerging in the area which lay the foundation for early prediction and better management of possible future outbreaks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2868-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Contagious pustular dermatitis was recognized as a benign disease (Thorp, 1942;Fontanellli and Caparrini, 1955;Buchner et al, 1963) as infected animals, particularly adults recovered spontaneously (Fontanelli and Caparrini, 1955;Tontis et al, 1981) within 3-5 weeks without treatment (Coates and Hoff, 1990;Giangaspero et al, 2013). In the last decade, the classical picture has changed in GPR and Australia where the disease exhibited malignant form with high mortality in lambs experiencing the disease for the first time and persisted over 9 months.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Kumar¹,

Trivedi²,

Bhatt³

et al. 2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Contagious pustular dermatitis (CPD), also known as Orf or contagious ecthyma is an important viral disease of sheep and goats. It is mainly seen as a benign disease but malignant form has also been reported from few parts of the world. The rates of morbidity and mortality are higher, particularly in lambs and kids experiencing the disease for the first time. The causative agent of disease is Orf virus, type species of the genus Parapoxvirus belonging to family Poxviridae. The virus produces localized persistent proliferative skin lesions and affected hosts are infected repeatedly owing to its host immune evasive strategy. These viruses have been found uniformly labile to chloroform but resistant to ether and also exhibit antigenic variations among them. Clinically, the disease is enzootic and occurs in three forms viz. labial, genital / mammary and generalized forms. The incubation period in natural cases is 2-3 weeks. The disease outbreaks mostly occur between autumn and spring but its severity is more in autumn and winter than spring. The virus grows well in cell cultures of caprine, ovine and bovine origin. Confounding symptoms impose laboratory affirmation by serological assays or molecular techniques. The disease can be diagnosed by electron microscopy, serological tests and PCR/ quantitative real-time PCR. Virus specific antibody response to structural proteins of capripox and orf viruses in western-blot analysis readily differentiates these two infections. The antibody response to the 32 kDa and 26 kDa proteins of capripox viruses provides a firm basis for differentiation. Although, the role of humoral immunity is well established but probably cell mediated immunity plays a major role in recovery from natural infections. A number of inactivated and live or live modified vaccines have been tried with variable success. The duration of immunity after vaccination is controversial; outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated animals. The disease is also of public health significance as it causes infection in human beings. Keywords

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Epidemiological Survey for <i>Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamydia</i><i>psittaci</i> var. <i>ovis</i>, <i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i>, <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, <i>Brucella</i> spp., Leptospirosis and Orf Virus among Sheep from Northern Districts of Japan

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Leptospirosis in Cattle: A Challenging Scenario for the Understanding of the Epidemiology

Leptospirosis in Cattle: A Challenging Scenario for the Understanding of the Epidemiology

Cross-sectional study for determining the prevalence of Q fever in small ruminants and humans at El Minya Governorate, Egypt

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

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