Epidemiological survey of central nervous system germ cell tumors in Canadian children

Keene, Daniel; Johnston, Donna L.; Strother, Douglas; Fryer, Chris; Carret, Anne‐Sophie; Crooks, Bruce; Eisenstat, David D.; Moghrabi, Albert; Wilson, Beverly; Brossard, Josée; Mpofu, Chris; Odame, Isaac; Zelcer, Shayna; Silva, M.; Samson, Yvan; Hand, John P; Bouffet, Éric

doi:10.1007/s11060-006-9282-2

Cited by 74 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…5,6 Whereas the epidemiology of testicular GCTs has been the subject of extensive research, there has been limited population-based analysis of ovarian GCTs and none for extragonadal GCTs. Knowledge of extragonadal GCTs has been derived from retrospective reviews of hospital cases or clinical trials, [7][8][9][10] and such information is likely to be affected by hospital referral patterns and clinical trial registration practices. To date, secular trends in the incidence of GCTs of the ovary, central nervous system (CNS), and other extragonadal sites, in contrast to the well documented trends for testicular GCTs, remain largely unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative incidence patterns and trends of gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in England, 1979 to 2003

Arora

Alston

Eden

et al. 2012

Cancer

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BACKGROUND:It is believed that gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from primordial germ cells and may have similar etiopathogenesis. Unlike testicular GCTs, there has been limited comprehensive population‐based analysis of ovarian and extragonadal GCTs.METHODS:All malignant GCTs and all central nervous system (CNS) GCTs with benign and uncertain behavior that were registered in England in the age group 0 to 84 years from 1979 to 2003 were included in the current study. Incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the world standard population.RESULTS:There were 33,364 GCTs (92.5% testes, 3.9% ovary, 3.2% extragonadal) in individuals aged 0 to 84 years. The CNS was the most common extragonadal site. An initial peak in incidence at ages 0 to 4 years of nongerminomas was observed at all sites except ovary. Second incidence peaks between ages 10 to 39 years that were more marked among males also were observed at all sites. The ages at these incidence peaks varied by site and were 10 to 14 years (CNS), 15 to 19 years (ovary), 25 to 29 years (other extragonadal sites), and 30 to 34 years (testes). A statistically significant increase in incidence over time was observed in germinomas (testes, CNS) and nongerminomas (testes, ovary).CONCLUSIONS:The age‐incidence patterns observed suggested a common initiation of GCTs in embryonic/fetal life with variable rates of tumor progression as a result of subsequent events that may be site specific. The authors concluded that future genetic studies should consider GCTs from all sites to enable a better understanding of their etiology. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative incidence patterns and trends of gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in England, 1979 to 2003

Arora

Alston

Eden

et al. 2012

Cancer

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“…Intracranial germinoma occurs in 0.7 per million children (6). As with other GCTs occurring outside the gonads, the most common location of intracranial germinoma is on or near the midline, often in the pineal or suprasellar areas; in 5-10% of patients the germinoma is in both areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of surgery in treatment of pineal germinoma: A case report

et al. 2014

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Objective -The aim of this case report is to present the results of surgical treatment of a patient with the pineal germinoma. Case report -A 12-year-old patient presented with two months history of headache, nausea, and vomiting, following by neuro-ophthalmologic disturbances (Parinaud syndrome). Computed tomography of the head showed a 3 cm mass in the pineal region, followed by obstructive hydrocephalus, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a pineal gland lesion with heterogeneous enhancement on contrast studies, with surrounding peritumoral edema, suggesting pineal germinoma. The patient underwent surgery to place a ventricular-peritoneal shunt, and second surgery using the occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach to remove the tumor totally. Conclusion -Pineal germinomas that compress adjacent structures result in a typical clinical syndrome with endocrine malfunction, hydrocephalus or neuro-ophthalmological disturbances. A multimodality approach, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, can offer excellent chances of free survival, and even cure.

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“…If a GCT is confirmed, complete craniospinal imaging is recommended as 10%-30% of patients, predominantly NGGCT, have spinal drop metastases or leptomeningeal spread. [7][8][9][10] The patient presented here developed multiple cranial neuropathies from leptomeningeal spread along his cranial nerves and drop metastasis.…”

Section: Question For Considerationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…While germinomas can secrete low levels of bHCG and aFP, bHCG levels greater than 50 IU/L and aFP levels .10 ng/dL in the CSF confirms a diagnosis of NGGCT without the need for biopsy, and markedly elevated levels are associated with more aggressive tumors with worse prognosis. [7][8][9][10] When positive, tumor markers also serve as a sensitive method to monitor therapy response. If a GCT is confirmed, complete craniospinal imaging is recommended as 10%-30% of patients, predominantly NGGCT, have spinal drop metastases or leptomeningeal spread.…”

Section: Question For Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Reasoning: Multiple cranial neuropathies in a young man

et al. 2013

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A 19-year-old man with no significant medical history noted 3 weeks of right facial numbness and slurred speech. On examination, he had decreased sensation in the right middle and lower trigeminal nerve distributions, right tongue deviation, and bilateral facial weakness. A lumbar puncture yielded CSF with a lymphocytic predominant pleocytosis (50 leukocytes/mm 3 , 95% lymphocytes), elevated protein (260 mg/dL), and normal glucose (49 mg/dL), without other evidence of inflammation or infection, while serum studies were normal. Brain MRI with gadolinium demonstrated a subcentimeter left frontal subcortical white matter lesion on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images and a nonenhancing pineal cyst.Question for consideration:

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Epidemiological survey of central nervous system germ cell tumors in Canadian children

Abstract: The incidence of CNS germ cell tumors in Canadian children is similar to that observed in other Western countries.

Cited by 74 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative incidence patterns and trends of gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in England, 1979 to 2003

Comparative incidence patterns and trends of gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in England, 1979 to 2003

The role of surgery in treatment of pineal germinoma: A case report

Clinical Reasoning: Multiple cranial neuropathies in a young man

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