Epidemiological Trends and Hotspots of Other Infectious Diarrhea (OID) in Mainland China: A Population-Based Surveillance Study From 2004 to 2017

Abstract

Background: The incidence of other infectious diarrhea (OID) ranked second in class C notifiable disease in China. It has posed a great threat to public health of all age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological trends and hotspots of OID in mainland China.Materials and Methods: Incidence and mortality data for OID stratified by date, age and region from 2004 to 2017 was extracted from the data-center of China public health science. Joinpoint regression and space-time analyses were performed to explore the epidemiological trends and hotspots of OID.Results: The average annual incidence of OID was 60.64/100,000 and it showed an increased trend in the mainland China especially after 2006 (APC = 4.12, 95 CI%: 2.06–6.21). Children of 0–4 year age group accounts for 60.00% (5,820,897/11,414,247) of all cases and its incidence continuously increased though 2004–2017 (APC = 6.65, 95 CI%: 4.39–8.96). The first-level spatial and temporal aggregation areas were located in Beijing and Tianjin, with the gathering time from 2005/1/1 to 2011/12/31 (RR = 5.52, LLR = 572893.59, P < 0.001). The secondary spatial and temporal aggregation areas covered Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Guizhou from 2011/1/1 to 2017/12/31 (RR = 1.98, LLR = 242292.72, P < 0.001). OID of Tianjin and Beijing presented a decreased trend since 2006. However, the incidence of OID in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Guizhou showed increased trends through 2004–2017.Conclusion: Our study showed that OID showed a constantly increasing trend and brought considerable burden in China especially in the 0–4 age group. The high-risk periods and clusters of regions for OID were identified, which will help government develop disease-specific and location-specific interventive measures.

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics between 2004 and 2017 and prediction of the changing pattern of other infectious diarrhea (OID) under COVID-19 in China

“…In addition, consistent with previous studies, the incidence rate of children is significantly higher than that of adults, and the incidence rate is the highest in the 0 to 4 years old group. [ 21 ] T The reasons for this result may be related to the immature immune system of children, the imperfect development of the gastrointestinal function, and the failure to establish good hygiene habits. [ 22 , 23 ] Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of food safety knowledge and improve health awareness for families of children.…”

Spatiotemporal impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on the incidence of infectious diarrhea in Xi'an, China

“…Thirdly, an investigation by Wang et al reported that NPIs significantly suppressed the spread of acute diarrhea caused by common enteroviruses throughout China, but this effect was not as strong for acute diarrhea caused by intestinal bacteria ( 39 ). This might be because people—especially children—who have bacterial diarrhea are more likely to experience fever and severe symptoms and are also more likely to seek medical care, even during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 40 ).…”

Association between hydrometeorological conditions and infectious diarrhea in mainland China: a spatiotemporal modeling study

“…Specifically, in this country, a group of infectious diseases with diarrhea as the main symptom other than cholera, dysentery, typhoid and paratyphoid, is defined as other infectious diarrhea (OID), which ranks second in class C notifiable diseases and works as an efficient index reflecting the diarrheal burden (Zheng et al 2023, Chinese Center For Disease Control And Prevention 2022. There is a constantly increasing trend of OID in China and projected to trigger considerable burdens in the future (Chen et al 2021).…”