Epidemiological trends of female breast and gynecologic cancers in adolescents and young adults in China from 1990 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract

BackgroundResearch on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of female breast and gynecologic cancers (FeBGCs) and the relevant risk factors for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are valuable for policy-making in China. We aimed to estimate the incidence, deaths, and DALYs and predict epidemiological trends of FeBGCs among AYAs in China between 1990 and 2019.MethodsData from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study between 1990 and 2019 in 195 countries and territories were retrieved. Data about the number of FeBGC incident cases, deaths, DALYs, age-standardized rates (ASRs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were extracted. A comparative risk assessment framework was performed to estimate the risk factors attributable to breast cancer deaths and DALYs, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were fitted for time-series analysis to predict female cancer morbidity and mortality among Chinese AYAs until 2030.ResultsIn 2019, there are 61,038 incidence cases, 8,944 deaths, and 529,380 DALYs of FeBGCs among the AYAs in China, respectively. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values were positive scores (>0) in ASIRs and negative scores (<0) in ASMR and ASDR. Furthermore, in 2030, the incidence rate of FeBGCs would grow to 30.49 per 100,000 in China, while the mortality rate would maintain a steady state. Of the deaths and DALYs, diet high in red meat was the greatest contributor to breast cancer, while a high body mass index (BMI) was the greatest contributor to cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers.ConclusionThe increasing Chinese FeBGC burden is mainly observed in AYAs and non-red meat diet, and the control of body weight could reduce FeBGC burden in China.

Global burden and trends of ectopic pregnancy: An observational trend study from 1990 to 2019

“…As we mentioned earlier, EP does not cause serious consequences if detected in time, but rupture of EP is a gynecological emergency that can lead to death in women [ 18 ]. Globally, there were 5749 (95% UI: 5107 to 6435) deaths from EP in 1990 and 6452 (95% UI: 5496 to 7513) deaths from EP in 2019.…”

“…wi denotes the number of persons (or weight), where i is equal to the selected reference standard population [ 17 ]. when both the EAPC value and its 95% CI >0, we consider its ASR to be on an upward trend; when both the EAPC value and 95% CI <0, we consider its ASR to be on an downward trend; In other cases, we consider the ASR to be stable [ 18 ]. We use Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) to represent the strength of the correlation, and all analyses and data visualization are done in R software (version 4.2.1, http://www.r-project.org/ , Auckland, New Zealand).…”

Changing trends in the disease burden of uterine cancer globally from 1990 to 2019 and its predicted level in 25 years

“…In the GBD 2019 dataset, UC is classified according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition [ICD-O-3] code as follows: C54, C54.0, C54.1, C54.2, C54.3, C54.4, C54.8, C54.9 ( 6 ). SDI is a composite indicator developed by researchers of the GBD to assess several key factors.…”

Assessment of secular trends of three major gynecologic cancers burden and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019: an age period cohort analysis

“…However, it is unclear whether this trend has changed in recent years. Zhao et al studied the risk factors for four types of cancer, but it was conducted on specific populations [ 12 ]. Zhou et al believed that the increase in OC incidence was mainly attributed to population growth and changes in age structure [ 10 ].…”