Epidemiology

Lavanchy, Daniel

doi:10.1002/9780470987131.ch11

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…HBV-genotype E has been detected prevalently in sub-Saharan Africa [Norder et al, 1994[Norder et al, , 2004Lavanchy, 2005], but sporadic cases have been reported in Africans living in northern Europe [Kidd-Ljunggren et al, 1994], in Belgium [Liu et al, 2001], in the Netherlands [van Steenbergen et al, 2002], in the United Kingdom, in France, and Saudi Arabia [Zehender et al, 2008. In accordance with this, the majority of patients infected with HBV-genotype E in the present study came from sub-Saharan Africa, but more than 10% of the cases were born in eastern Europe, South America, or Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diversity in irregular or refugee immigrant patients with HBV‐genotype‐E infection living in the metropolitan area of Naples

Sagnelli

Ciccozzi²,

Coppola³

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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In a recent testing in the metropolitan area of Naples, Italy, on 945 irregular immigrants or refugees, 87 HBsAg chronic carriers were identified, 53 of whom were infected by HBV-genotype E. The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic diversity of HBV-genotype E in these 53 immigrants. The 53 immigrant patients with HBV-genotype-E infection were born in Africa, central or eastern Asia, eastern Europe or Latin America. These patients had been seen for a clinical consultation at one of the four first-level units from January 2012 to 2013. The first dataset contained 53 HBV-S gene isolates plus 128 genotype/subgenotype specific reference sequences downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The second dataset, comprising the 53 HBV-S gene isolates, previously classified as HBV-genotype E, was used to perform the time-scaled phylogeny reconstruction using a Bayesian approach. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 53 HBV-S isolates belonged to HBV-genotype E. Bayes factor analysis showed that the relaxed clock exponential growth model fitted the data significantly better than the other models. The time-scaled Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the second dataset showed that the root of the tree dated back to the year 1990 (95% HPD:1984-2000). Four statistically supported clusters were identified. Cluster A dated back to 2012 (95% HPD:1997-2012); cluster B dated back to 2008 (95% HPD:2001-2015); cluster C to 2006 (95% HPD:1999-2013); cluster D to 2004 (95% HPD:1998-2011). This study disclosed the genetic evolution and phylogenesis in a group of HBV-genotype-E-infected immigrants. J. Med. Virol. 89:1015-1024, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diversity in irregular or refugee immigrant patients with HBV‐genotype‐E infection living in the metropolitan area of Naples

Sagnelli

Ciccozzi²,

Coppola³

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…During early childhood, acute infection is mild or inapparent, but is associated with a risk of chronic disease that can be as high as 90% in infants [5,6]. Chronic carrier status is relatively low throughout most of Western Europe, whereas in South-East Asia, the Indian sub-continent and throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa the HBsAg prevalence exceeds 10% [7]. In high risk populations it can be much higher, e.g.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hepatitis B Virus In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus: the genotype E puzzle

Andernach

Hübschen

Muller

2009

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa. One of the two genotypes A and E dominates in most countries. With several subgenotypes and variants, genotype A is more diverse in Africa (4.00%) than in the rest of the world (2.96%), suggesting an African origin and a long history on the continent. Despite the African slave trade, genotype E has only sporadically been found within the Americas, indicating that this genotype was introduced only during the past 200 years into the general African population. A short history for this genotype in Africa is also supported by its conspicuously low genetic diversity (1.75%), which contrasts, however, with its excessively high HBsAg prevalence and its extensive spread throughout the vast West-African genotype E crescent. We discuss the spread and routes of transmission of genotype E and suggest that the distribution and current high prevalence levels of HBV (genotype E) in Africa are the result of the extensive use of unsafe needles, potentially solving the current African genotype E puzzle and shedding new light on the high HBV prevalence in Africa.

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A phylogenetic study of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected Brazilian patients of Western and Asian descent

et al. 2009

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Phylogenetical analysis of pre-core/core HBV gene suggested intra-familial transmission of HBV in 38% of Western families and 25% of Asian families. Analysis of HBsAg gene sequences helped to define the HBV genotype but did not allow inferring route of transmission as its sequences showed a smaller phylogenetic signal than pre-core/core sequences. Chronic HBV carriers of Asian descent born in or living in Brazil were infected with the same HBV genotype predominant in their ancestral country.

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Epidemiology

Cited by 5 publications

References 137 publications

Molecular diversity in irregular or refugee immigrant patients with HBV‐genotype‐E infection living in the metropolitan area of Naples

Molecular diversity in irregular or refugee immigrant patients with HBV‐genotype‐E infection living in the metropolitan area of Naples

Hepatitis B virus: the genotype E puzzle

A phylogenetic study of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected Brazilian patients of Western and Asian descent

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