Epidemiology and aetiology of moderate to severe diarrhoea in hospitalised HIV-infected patients ≥5 years old in South Africa, 2018-2021: a case-control analysis

Johnstone, Siobhan L.; Erasmus, Linda; Thomas, Juno; Groome, Michelle; Plessis, Nicolette Marie Du; Avenant, Theunis; Villiers, Maryke De; Page, Nicola

doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.23286353

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

(51 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In three South African hospitals, the prevalence of Cystoisospora and Cryptosporidium spp. was significantly higher in patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) compared to not infected ones among patients of all ages with diarrhea [74].…”

Section: Parasitic Protozoans In Patients Immunocompromised or With P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Rossi,

Amadoro,

Santonicola

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review summarizes the most recent developments of research on protozoan parasite infections ac-quired through food and drinking water and is aimed at gathering updated knowledge on the risk factors, illnesses caused, and measures for prevention. Reports included dated from 2019 to the present and regarded recent outbreaks and cases of severe infec-tions, prevalence in different population segments and food handlers, and occurrence in food and drinking water. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii were the microorganisms most frequently involved in large outbreaks and/or severe infections, while Cyclospora cayetanensis was most frequently involved in single case reports. Cystoisospora belli was implied in severe infections in immunocompromised patients, while Blastocystis homi-nis, Sarcocystis spp., Dientamoeba fragilis, Endolimax nana and Pentatrichomonas hominis appeared to be less relevant for number of symptomatic infections and pathogenic potential. A progressive improvement in surveillance of protozoan infections and infection sources was highlighted, especially in developed countries. The apparent increase in cases was concomitant with the implementa-tion of reporting systems and the application of molecular diagnostic methods that represent valuable in-struments for establishing epidemiological links and preventing or limiting outbreaks. The pathogenic role and sources of infection should be better elucidated for some species.

show abstract

Section: Parasitic Protozoans In Patients Immunocompromised or With P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Rossi,

Amadoro,

Santonicola

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Food and Drinking Water as Sources of Pathogenic Protozoans: An Update

Rossi,

Santonicola,

Amadoro

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This narrative review was aimed at collecting updated knowledge on the risk factors, illnesses caused, and measures for the prevention of protozoan infections transmitted by food and drinking water. Reports screened dated from 2019 to the present and regarded global prevalence in food handlers, occurrence in food and drinking water, impact on human health, and recently reported outbreaks and cases of severe infections attributable to the dietary route. Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cystoisospora belli were the protozoans most frequently involved in recently reported waterborne and foodborne outbreaks and cases. Blastocystis hominis was reported to be the most widespread intestinal protozoan in humans, and two case reports indicated its pathogenic potential. Dientamoeba fragilis, Endolimax nana, and Pentatrichomonas hominis are also frequent but still require further investigation on their ability to cause illness. A progressive improvement in surveillance of protozoan infections and infection sources took place in developed countries where the implementation of reporting systems and the application of molecular diagnostic methods led to an enhanced capacity to identify epidemiological links and improve the prevention of foodborne and waterborne protozoan infections.

show abstract

Epidemiology and aetiology of moderate to severe diarrhoea in hospitalised HIV-infected patients ≥5 years old in South Africa, 2018-2021: a case-control analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 47 publications

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Protozoan Infections Acquired from Food or Drinking Water: An Update

Food and Drinking Water as Sources of Pathogenic Protozoans: An Update

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About