Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children

Michelow, Ian C.; Olsen, Kurt; Lozano, Juanita; Rollins, Nancy; Duffy, Lynn B.; Ziegler, Thedi; Kauppila, Jaana; Leinonen, Maija; McCracken, George H.

doi:10.1542/peds.113.4.701

Cited by 638 publications

(542 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Age is an important predictor of etiologic agent in pneumonia. 11,12 13 found hospitalization rates of 67% for children younger than 4 years old, 5% for children 5 to 9 years old, and 9% for children 10 to 14 years old. The present study assessed only hospitalized children, which explains its large share of subjects younger than 5 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Características clínico-radiológicas e hematológicas das pneumonias causadas pelo Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Vervloet¹,

Camargos²,

Soares³

et al. 2010

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: To describe the clinical, hematological and radiographic characteristics of children hospitalized for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Method:The study population consisted of 190 children between 3 months and 16 years old, hospitalized for radiographically confirmed pneumonia. Patients were divided into two groups, to wit: 95 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, as diagnosed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method; and 95 children with pneumonia caused by other etiologic agents. Using a validated scoring system, the clinical, hematological and radiographic findings of both groups were compared to differentiate Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (group 1) from pneumonia caused by other etiologic agents (group 2), itself divided into two groups, bacterial (n = 75) and viral (n = 20).Results: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was found most often in girls (p < 0.01), older children (p < 0.01), and patients with dry cough (p < 0.01) and extrapulmonary manifestations (p < 0.01). The clinical, hematological and radiographic variables of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (mean score = 6.95) scored between those found in bacterial (mean score = 8.27) and viral pneumonia (mean score = 0.90). Conclusion:Results suggest that the scoring system can contribute to the presumptive diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and help differentiate pneumonic status caused by other etiologic agents.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(6):480-487: Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, pneumonia, radiography, children. No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article. Organization (WHO). 9 MP pneumonia was defined by the Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia -Vervloet LA et al. Original article

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Características clínico-radiológicas e hematológicas das pneumonias causadas pelo Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Vervloet¹,

Camargos²,

Soares³

et al. 2010

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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“…However, the etiologic agent responsible for pneumonia is rarely identified, even in rigorous epidemiologic studies of community-acquired pneumonia. [42][43][44] Because some of the nurses were working in a hospital setting, it is possible that more than 1 percent of the cases may have been "hospital-acquired pneumonia." Although unlikely, it is possible that one or more of the associations found were due to chance, as multiple associations were studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid intake and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in U.S. women

Alperovich¹,

Neuman

Willett

et al. 2007

Nutrition

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Objective-Despite substantial progress in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, there are limited data on dietary risk factors. Fatty acid intake may influence community-acquired pneumonia risk by modulating the immune system. Our study prospectively examined the association between fatty acid intake and community-acquired pneumonia risk.Research Methods & Procedures-The study population included 83,165 women from the Nurses' Health Study II cohort who were between the ages of 27 and 44 in 1991. The women reported lifestyle habits on biennial questionnaires and dietary intake every four years by validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). There were 925 pneumonia cases over 10 years of follow-up. We examined independent associations for six fatty acids using Cox proportional hazards regression.Results-Women in the highest quintile of palmitic acid intake had a 54% greater risk of pneumonia compared to the lowest quintile: multivariate relative risk (RR)=1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12, 2.12; p for trend = 0.002. Oleic acid intake was inversely associated with pneumonia risk (highest quintile multivariate RR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.04; p for trend = 0.02). Women in the highest quintile of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) intake had a 24% greater risk of community-acquired pneumonia than the lowest quintile (multivariate RR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.55; p for trend = 0.08). No significant associations were found for linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, or DHA alone.Conclusions-Fatty acid intake may affect the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in young and middle-aged women. Higher dietary intake of palmitic acid and possibly DHA and EPA may increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in women while higher oleic acid intake may decrease the risk.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are much less common but frequently associated with severe disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, are common in school-aged children, but also occasionally implicated in cases of pneumonia among younger children [6]. Staphylococcus aureus should be considered when pneumonia is complicated by pleural effusion, empyema, or necrotizing/ cavitary lesions, and in children requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission for respiratory failure or septic shock [7].…”

Section: Common Bacterial Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common virus detected in children with pneumonia (especially in young infants), followed closely by rhinovirus, which is common in children of all ages. Other viruses responsible for pediatric CAP include influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus [6,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Viral Causes Of Capmentioning

confidence: 99%