Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of classic Kaposi's sarcoma, seroprevalence, and variants of human herpesvirus 8 in South America: A critical review of an old disease

Mohanna, Salim; Maco, Vicente; Bravo, Francisco; Gotuzzo, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2005.02.004

Cited by 58 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This histopathological type may be more related to some clinical variants such as bullous, lymphoedematous which are patch, plaque, nodular, exophytic, infiltrative, keloidal, telangiectatic, cavernous, ulcerative, bullous and verrucous types. 1,13,14 These lesions may be localized without visceral involvement or aggressive with extensive visceral disease. Involvement of the oral and gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes and the lungs may also occur.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was first described by Moriz Kaposi as the idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the skin in 1872. 1,2 Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is considered to play an important role in etiology, because DNA sequences of the virus have been recently detected in almost all KS lesions. [1][2][3][4] Although, important advances have been recently made, the cause is still unclear as in all cancers and KS continues to remain enigmatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classic KS (CKS) is primarily a skin disease of the lower extremities affecting predominantly elderly men of Mediterranean origin; predominantly Jews, Italians and Greeks. [1][2][3][4] This type has a relatively indolent course and a typical clinical presentation with a combination of redpurple macule, papule, nodule and/or plaques on the lower extremities and/or hands. Mucosal involvement, particularly oral and/or oropharyngeal mucosae, is uncommon in this type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variable clinical presentations of Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in Turkish patients

Altunay¹,

Kucukunal²,

Demirci³

et al. 2012

J Dermatol Case Rep

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Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm with multicentric cutanenous and extracutaneous involvements, which was first described by Moriz Kaposi in 1872. Since then, different epidemiological clinical and histopathological variants of this neoplasm have been identified. Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is one of four main clinico-epidemiologiologic variants. characteristics of the disease. Materials and Methods:Four Turkish inpatients with CKS were evaluated in the study. All medical history and clinical data were noted. A screening immunodeficiency workup were performed for all patients. HHV-8 immunofluorescence testing on the specimens and ELISA test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV 1 and 2) were performed. Pulmonary X ray graphies and computurized tomography (CT) scan were applied. Stage of the tumor was determined, in each case, according to the classification system proposed by Brambilla et al in 2003.Results: All patients are positive for HHV-8. They were all immunocompetent and negative for HIV1 and HIV2. The first patient was unusual for morphological presentation of several verrucoid lesions that was evaluated as verrucoid KS. He was considered stage IB CKS. The patient 2 was a young man and the course of KS seemed unexpectedly aggressive for CKS. His clinical appearence seemed us to be a patient with AIDSassociated KS. The patient was evaluated as stage IVB CKS. Our third patient had also prominent lymphedema associated with bluish discoloration on the toes and fingers, suggesting a diagnosis of peripheral vascular disorder. He was diagnosed as stage IIIB CKS. The fourth case was interesting for very extensive lesions involving big sized plaques and also the existence of mucosal lesion. The patient was diagnosed as stage IVB CKS. Conclusions:It seems that the reports of exceptional cases of KS are accumulating. Data from various cases should be collected and perhaps, novel clinical classifications should be considered. (J Dermatol Case Rep. 2012; 6(1): 8-13)

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variable clinical presentations of Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in Turkish patients

Altunay¹,

Kucukunal²,

Demirci³

et al. 2012

J Dermatol Case Rep

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“…Cevap oranları ve RT komplikasyonları Tablo 2 de gösterilmektedir. TARTIŞMA KKS sıklıkla 40-70 yaş Akdeniz erkeklerinde görü-len, prognozu diğer tiplere göre daha iyi seyreden ve Türkiye'de nadir görülen diğer tiplere kıyas-la daha yaygın olan bir neoplazmdır [2][3][4]. Bizim hastalarımızın da bir (%7,1) tanesi AIDS ile ilişkili olmak üzere diğer 13'ü (%92,9) KKS idi.…”

Section: Bulgularunclassified

“…Uygulanan RT dozu toplam 22 farklı bölge için medyan 800 cGy (800-3000 cGy) idi. RT fraksiyon sayısı medyan 1'di (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Tedavi yanıt-ları değerlendirildiğinde 4 (%18,1) bölgede stabil hastalık mevcuttu.…”

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Kaposi sarkomu nedeniyle radyoterapi uygulanan 14 hastanın değerlendirilmesi

et al. 2015

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Objective: In our study, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Methods:The patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) because of the KS between the years 2005-2012 in Radiation Oncology Department of Dicle University Hospital were included. All patients underwent RT with different dose-fractionation schemes to increase quality of life and to palliate the symptoms. Patients with lesions in multiple regions underwent RT in the same or different dates. Responses to radiotherapy were recorded as complete or partial response.Results: Fourteen patients received radiotherapy because of f KS were evaluated retrospectively. Twenty two different regions of 14 patients underwent RT . Only one patient (4.5%) was performed RT to glans penis as a third region while performed to the two regions in six patients (27.3%). At irradiations, 6 MV and 10 MV photon energies with 6 MeV, 9 MeV and 12 MeV electron energy were used. Water phantom or bolus material was used to obtain a homogeneous dose distribution in the photon irradiation. RT dose administered to a total of 22 different regional was median 800 cGy (Range: 800-3000 cGy). Median number of RT fractions was 1 (Range: 1-10).When treatment response were evaluated stable disease was present in the 4 (18.1%) regions. Partial response was achieved in eight (36.4%) regions, complete response in 10 (45.5%). RT-related common lymphedema in the feet and legs was observed in the four (57.3%) regions in the acute period. Complication of pain was present in two (28.7%) regions. Conclusion:RT is an appropriate and effective treatment regimen in the palliative treatment of KS lesions. Excellent response rates of skin lesions may be obtained by RT. Lesions and symptoms such as itching may be lost after RT. Side effects such as edema and pain may be relieved by supportive treatment. Bulgular: KS nedeniyle radyoterapi uygulanan 14 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. On dört hastanın toplam 22 farklı bölgesine RT uygulandı. Altı hastada (%27,3) iki ayrı bölge ışınlanırken, yalnız bir hastada (%4,5) üçüncü bölge olarak glans penisteki lezyona RT uygulandı. Işınla-malarda 6 MV ve 10 MV foton enerjileri ile 6 MeV, 9 MeV ve 12 MeV elektron enerjileri kullanıldı. Foton ışınlamala-rında homojen doz dağılımı elde etmek için su fantomu veya bolus materyali kullanıldı. Uygulanan RT dozu toplam 22 farklı bölge için medyan 800 cGy (800-3000 cGy) idi. RT fraksiyon sayısı medyan 1'di (1-10). Tedavi yanıt-ları değerlendirildiğinde 4 (%18,1) bölgede stabil hastalık mevcuttu. Sekiz (%36,4) tedavi bölgesinde kısmi cevap sağlanırken, 10 (%45,5) bölgede de tam cevap elde edildi. Dört (%57,3) tedavi bölgesinde RT' ye bağlı ayaklarda ve bacaklarda akut dönemde yaygın lenfödem gözlendi. İki (%28,7) bölgede ise ağrı komplikasyonu mevcuttu.Sonuç: RT, KS lezyonlarının palyatif tedavisinde uygun ve etkili bir tedavi rejimidir. RT ile cilt lezyonlarında mü-kemmel cevap oranları elde edilebilir. RT sonrası lezyonlar ve kaşıntı gibi şikayetle...

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A Review of the Epidemiology and the Mechanisms Underlying KSHV ‐induced Malignancies

Alkharsah

Schulz

Weidner-Glunde

2009

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8), is believed to be the infectious causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and two other rare acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐associated neoplastic diseases. KSHV is relatively frequent in some countries of the Mediterranean area, and quite common in sub‐Saharan and South Africa, but rare in most other parts of the world. The virus is transmitted through sexual contact among adults. However, in endemic countries, the mode of transmission is most probably via behavioural practices using saliva from mother to child and between siblings. KSHV persists in infected cells in a latent episomal form expressing only a small number of genes to escape immune surveillance. These genes play a significant role in viral persistence and development of malignancy. A small number of KSHV‐infected cells undergo spontaneous lytic reactivation to ensure the production of new virions and provide inflammatory cytokines that participate in development of cancer. Key concepts: KSHV is a γ2‐herpesvirus (Rhadinovirus) that causes Kaposi sarcoma, Primary effusion lymphoma and Multicentric Castleman's disease mainly in immunocompromised individuals, e.g. AIDS patients. Similarly to the other herpesviruses KSHV has two phases of replication, latent and lytic. In malignancies, the virus is detected mainly in latent state, where only few proteins are expressed. Small number of infected cells undergo spontaneous lytic reactivation producing both, new virions for infecting new cells and inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to tumourigenesis through a paracrine mechanism. KSHV expresses several genes that play a role in inhibition of apoptosis (vFLIP, vBCL2), progression of cell cycle (vCYC, LANA), stimulation of cytokine production and angiogenesis (vGPCR, vFLIP, vIL‐6, K15). The prevalence of KSHV is low in most parts of the world, but higher in Mediterranean area and highest in Africa. KSHV‐induced malignancies are rare even in areas with high KSHV prevalence. KSHV is transmitted mainly by sexual contact among adults and via behavioural practices using saliva from mother to child and between siblings in endemic countries.

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Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of classic Kaposi's sarcoma, seroprevalence, and variants of human herpesvirus 8 in South America: A critical review of an old disease

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

Variable clinical presentations of Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in Turkish patients

Variable clinical presentations of Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in Turkish patients

Kaposi sarkomu nedeniyle radyoterapi uygulanan 14 hastanın değerlendirilmesi

A Review of the Epidemiology and the Mechanisms Underlying KSHV ‐induced Malignancies

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