Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of acute glomerulonephritis in a teaching hospital in North India

Abstract

Context: Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) is a major cause of morbidity in developing countries like India. AGN includes both infectious and non infectious causes leading to immunological insult to the kidney. Aims: This study is an attempt to evaluate the clinical characteristics, complications and outcome of acute glomerulonephritis. Settings and Design: This hospital based descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Materials and Methods: 50 children with AGN were recruited and analyzed over a period of one year. Detailed clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were done. Children were followed up for 6 months. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using SPSS software and the results obtained are shown in the form of frequencies along with percentages. Results: 50 patients were enrolled in the study with male to female ratio of 1.72:1. Pharyngitis was the most common predisposing condition (70.2%). 22(40.4%) of patients had developed complications. Of this acute kidney injury with significant pulmonary edema was seen in 16 patients and 6 patients had encephalopathy with seizures. Two patients had to be managed with hemodialysis. 42 patients had positive CRP (>10) and ASO titres were >200 Todd units in all patients. At 6 months’ majority of patients had complete clinical recovery with microscopic hematuria present only in 8 patients, persistent hypertension in 2 patients, 8 patients had proteinuria. These patients are being still followed up. Conclusions: Complications and morbidity is significantly high during the acute phase in AGN. Non infectious causes should also be kept in mind. This study highlights the complications requiring intensive care and need for long term follow up.

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

“…Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN) is common in age group of 5-14 year age, predominantly in males with ratio of 1.86:1.3, and is very rare with <5% below 2 years of age while, in the present study the youngest one was 1 year old and the children below 5 years of age is about 19.02%. 6 - 8 , 12 - 14 These observations were in accordance with the other studies. 7 , 12 - 14 Glomerulonephritis is least common in very early age may be due to immature immune response in early age.…”

“… 11 , 15 Despite the higher incidence of cardiac complications in our study, there was no mortality, similar to other studies. 6 , 8 , 14 This may be because of early presentation in the hospital, timely management and well control of hypertension.…”

A Study on Clinical Presentations and Laboratory Profile of Acute Glomerulonephritis in Children Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital

“…In the present study 12 out of 30 children had atypical presentations which is similar to studies done by Kuralvanan Gunasekaran et al (9) and Islam Bhuiyan et al (10). Kapil Bhalla et al (1) showed higher incidence of Acute kidney injury and congestive cardiac failure in children with AGN.…”

Etiopathogenetic, Morphological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Acute Glomerulonephritis: Current Status

“…приходится на детский возраст [13]. По результатам недавно проведенного исследования отмечается увеличение заболеваемости ОГН среди детей с неблагоприятным социальным статусом [14]. В исследовании M. Sharmin, et al (2020) были изучены социально-демографические особенности клинического профиля и исходов ОГН у госпитализированных детей, живущих в сельской местности [15].…”