Epidemiology and Clinical Peculiarities of Norovirus and Rotavirus Infection in Hospitalized Young Children with Acute Diarrhea in Taiwan, 2009

Abstract

Most young diarrheal patients presenting with vomiting were likely to have norovirus or rotavirus infection. Patients with norovirus diarrhea experienced an absence of, or low-grade fever and longer duration of vomiting compared with those positive for rotavirus infection. A family history of current gastroenteritis may suggest the possibility of norovirus infection.

Norovirus, the principal cause of viral diarrhea in two regions of Colombia

“…The general belief is that NV is a major pathogen leading to diarrheal outbreaks and causes symptomatic infections in older children and adults (Yanga et al 2010). Our results showed a slightly different about the time that ADD started.…”

“…In this study, RV and NV infections do not seem to show any relation to age and gender even when most studies consistently demonstrating that RV mainly affects younger children less than 5 years and the proportion of RV infections among younger children was higher than that in the older age groups (Yanga et al 2010, Wiegering et al 2011. The general belief is that NV is a major pathogen leading to diarrheal outbreaks and causes symptomatic infections in older children and adults (Yanga et al 2010).…”

“…In Brazil showed the increase in the incidence of NV infection, from 17.3-29.0 %. This may be because current testing methods were more sensitive; the incidence of NV detection nearly doubled when enzyme immunoassays were combined with the more sensitive RT-PCR, as previously proposed by Wu et al in 2008(Yanga et al 2010.…”

“…Since NV infection tend to be mild, and the serious gastroenteritis patients tend to be handled by the specialists within gastroenterology or infectious diseases, the high prevalence of NV infection may have been underestimated (Manrique et al 2006, Donaldson et al 2008, Lin et al 2010, Ribes & Buesa 2010, Yanga et al 2010, Wiegering et al 2011.…”

“…Therefore, NV has been considered the most important cause of epidemic gastroenteritis, the second most important cause of endemic gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide and a common cause of sporadic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in individuals of all ages. The overall clinical burden caused by NV infection is thought to be milder than the one given by RV (Beersma et al 2009, Yanga et al 2010 because RV infections are known to be more severe and more often associated with a complicated course (Donaldson et al 2008, Ciarlet & Schödel 2009, Lin et al 2010, Meraabi et al 2011, Rivera et al 2011, Wiegering et al 2011, Solano-Aguilar et al 2012 One of the main reasons of the important prevalence of those viruses is their route of infection. The fecal-oral route is the common route of transmission, typically through food, water or contaminated surfaces; but person-to-person transmission, by direct contact or exposure to aerosols from vomit, are also important (Wilhelmi et al 2003, Wu et al 2008, Ribes & Buesa 2010, Wiegering et al 2011, Lopman et al 2012.…”