Epidemiology and Ecology of Tularemia in Sweden, 1984–2012

Desvars, Amélie; Furberg, Maria; Hjertqvist, Marika; Vidman, Linda; Sjöstedt, Anders; Rydén, Patrik; Johansson, Anders

doi:10.3201/eid2101.140916

Cited by 48 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In 2015, a remarkably higher prevalence compared to previous years in wild hares was observed in Sweden, the only reporting MS in the EU. This confirms the fact that tularaemia is still highly prevalent in Sweden, probably via vector‐borne transmission and therefore stresses the importance to assess the reservoir competence of different vectors in the transmission of F. tularensis (Desvars et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

2016

EFS2

256

100

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This report of EFSA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring activities carried out in 2015 in 32 European countries (28 Member States (MS) and four non-MS). Campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis and the increasing European Union (EU) trend for confirmed human cases since 2008 continued. In food, the occurrence of Campylobacter remained high in broiler meat. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed human salmonellosis cases since 2008 continued, but the proportion of human Salmonella Enteritidis cases increased. Most MS met their Salmonella reduction targets for poultry. More S. Enteritidis isolates were reported and S. Infantis was confirmed as the most frequent serovar isolated from domestic fowl. In foodstuffs, the EU level Salmonella non-compliance for minced meat and meat preparations from poultry was low. Despite the significant increasing trend since 2008, the number of human listeriosis cases stabilised in 2015. In ready-to-eat foods, Listeria monocytogenes seldom exceeded the EU food safety limit. The decreasing EU trend for confirmed yersiniosis cases since 2008 continued. Positive findings for Yersinia were mainly reported in pig meat and products thereof. The number of confirmed shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in humans was similar to 2014. In food, STEC was most frequently reported in meat from ruminants. A total of 4,362 food-borne outbreaks, including waterborne outbreaks, were reported. Bacteria were the most commonly detected causative agents, followed by bacterial toxins, viruses, other causative agents and parasites. The causative agent remained unknown in 33.5% of all outbreaks. As in previous years, Salmonella in eggs continued to represent the highest risk agent/food combination. The report further summarises trends and sources for tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella, Trichinella, Echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), West Nile virus and tularaemia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

2016

EFS2

256

100

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“…In summary, human tularaemia in Finland is focal, and most of the cases occur in a few districts. This warrants landscape ecological analyses [8,32]. The answer may not be simple because the endemic provinces differ considerably in topography.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and seroprevalence of tularaemia in Finland, 1995 to 2013: regional epidemics with cyclic pattern

et al. 2015

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We studied the incidence of reported tularaemia by year and region and the prevalence of antibodies against Francisella tularensis in the adult general population in Finland. Moreover, we assessed the correlation between vole population cycles and human tularaemia outbreaks. The seroprevalence study made use of serum samples from a nationwide populationbased health survey (Health 2000). The samples of 1,045 randomly selected persons, representative for the Finnish population in each region, were screened with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of IgG antibodies against F. tularensis, and positive results were further confirmed by immunoblotting. A serological response to F. tularensis was found in 2% (95% confidence interval: 1.1-3.5) of the population. Incidence and seroprevalence were highest in the same areas, and vole population peaks clearly preceded tularaemia outbreaks one year later.

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“…Small mammals contribute to the geographical spread of F. tularensis , but they may not constitute the major reservoir [ 5 ]. Although tularaemia occurrence has been linked to particular landscape features [ 4 , 7 ], the dominant environmental reservoir(s) in which F. tularensis may persist for prolonged periods are still largely unknown and may vary between geographical areas [ 1 ]. F. tularensis has been detected in various types of surface waters and sediments [ 3 , 8 ] where it is potentially hosted by free-living protozoa [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental surveillance during an outbreak of tularaemia in hares, the Netherlands, 2015

et al. 2017

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Tularaemia, a disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, is a re-emerging zoonosis in the Netherlands. After sporadic human and hare cases occurred in the period 2011 to 2014, a cluster of F. tularensis-infected hares was recognised in a region in the north of the Netherlands from February to May 2015. No human cases were identified, including after active case finding. Presence of F. tularensis was investigated in potential reservoirs and transmission routes, including common voles, arthropod vectors and surface waters. F. tularensis was not detected in common voles, mosquito larvae or adults, tabanids or ticks. However, the bacterium was detected in water and sediment samples collected in a limited geographical area where infected hares had also been found. These results demonstrate that water monitoring could provide valuable information regarding F. tularensis spread and persistence, and should be used in addition to disease surveillance in wildlife.

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Epidemiology and Ecology of Tularemia in Sweden, 1984–2012

Abstract: Geographic distribution of cases was correlated with the locations of lakes and rivers.

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food‐borne outbreaks in 2015

Incidence and seroprevalence of tularaemia in Finland, 1995 to 2013: regional epidemics with cyclic pattern

Environmental surveillance during an outbreak of tularaemia in hares, the Netherlands, 2015

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